Using Respiratory Gas Analyzers to Determine Resting Metabolic Rate in Adults: A Systematic Review of Validity Studies
Background: Correct assessment of resting metabolic rate (RMR) is fundamental for estimating total energy expenditure in both clinical nutrition and sports sciences research. Various methods have been proposed for RMR determination, including predictive equations, isotopic dilution techniques, and i...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| author | César Ulises Olivas-León Francisco Javier Olivas-Aguirre Isaac Armando Chávez-Guevara Horacio Eusebio Almanza-Reyes Leslie Patrón-Romero Genaro Rodríguez-Uribe Francisco José Amaro-Gahete Marco Antonio Hernández-Lepe |
| author_facet | César Ulises Olivas-León Francisco Javier Olivas-Aguirre Isaac Armando Chávez-Guevara Horacio Eusebio Almanza-Reyes Leslie Patrón-Romero Genaro Rodríguez-Uribe Francisco José Amaro-Gahete Marco Antonio Hernández-Lepe |
| author_sort | César Ulises Olivas-León |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Correct assessment of resting metabolic rate (RMR) is fundamental for estimating total energy expenditure in both clinical nutrition and sports sciences research. Various methods have been proposed for RMR determination, including predictive equations, isotopic dilution techniques, and indirect calorimetry. Over the past two decades, portable gas analyzers have emerged as promising alternatives, offering more accessible and cost-effective solutions for metabolic assessment. However, evidence regarding their validity remains inconsistent, particularly across diverse populations and varying metabolic assessment protocols. Methods: This systematic review was conducted in May 2025 using the PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases, following the PRISMA-DTA guidelines, and included observational studies with the objective of examining the available evidence regarding the validity of portable gas analyzers to determine RMR in humans. The methodological quality of each study was assessed using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Results: From an initial pool of 230 studies, 16 met the eligibility criteria. The findings revealed notable variability in measurement validity among devices, mainly influenced by device model, population characteristics, and methodological factors. While portable analyzers such as FitMate and Q-NRG exhibited high validity, MedGem exhibited systematic biases, particularly in individuals with higher adiposity, leading to RMR overestimations. Conclusions: The main results demonstrated the critical need for rigorous validation of portable gas analyzers before their implementation in clinical and research settings to ensure their applicability across diverse populations and metabolic assessments. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1afc7a795d6546c4b90a531b86bc4164 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2075-4663 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Sports |
| spelling | doaj-art-1afc7a795d6546c4b90a531b86bc41642025-08-20T03:07:58ZengMDPI AGSports2075-46632025-06-0113719810.3390/sports13070198Using Respiratory Gas Analyzers to Determine Resting Metabolic Rate in Adults: A Systematic Review of Validity StudiesCésar Ulises Olivas-León0Francisco Javier Olivas-Aguirre1Isaac Armando Chávez-Guevara2Horacio Eusebio Almanza-Reyes3Leslie Patrón-Romero4Genaro Rodríguez-Uribe5Francisco José Amaro-Gahete6Marco Antonio Hernández-Lepe7Conahcyt National Laboratory of Body Composition and Energetic Metabolism (LaNCoCoME), Tijuana 22390, MexicoConahcyt National Laboratory of Body Composition and Energetic Metabolism (LaNCoCoME), Tijuana 22390, MexicoConahcyt National Laboratory of Body Composition and Energetic Metabolism (LaNCoCoME), Tijuana 22390, MexicoConahcyt National Laboratory of Body Composition and Energetic Metabolism (LaNCoCoME), Tijuana 22390, MexicoConahcyt National Laboratory of Body Composition and Energetic Metabolism (LaNCoCoME), Tijuana 22390, MexicoConahcyt National Laboratory of Body Composition and Energetic Metabolism (LaNCoCoME), Tijuana 22390, MexicoDepartment of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18001 Granada, SpainConahcyt National Laboratory of Body Composition and Energetic Metabolism (LaNCoCoME), Tijuana 22390, MexicoBackground: Correct assessment of resting metabolic rate (RMR) is fundamental for estimating total energy expenditure in both clinical nutrition and sports sciences research. Various methods have been proposed for RMR determination, including predictive equations, isotopic dilution techniques, and indirect calorimetry. Over the past two decades, portable gas analyzers have emerged as promising alternatives, offering more accessible and cost-effective solutions for metabolic assessment. However, evidence regarding their validity remains inconsistent, particularly across diverse populations and varying metabolic assessment protocols. Methods: This systematic review was conducted in May 2025 using the PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases, following the PRISMA-DTA guidelines, and included observational studies with the objective of examining the available evidence regarding the validity of portable gas analyzers to determine RMR in humans. The methodological quality of each study was assessed using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Results: From an initial pool of 230 studies, 16 met the eligibility criteria. The findings revealed notable variability in measurement validity among devices, mainly influenced by device model, population characteristics, and methodological factors. While portable analyzers such as FitMate and Q-NRG exhibited high validity, MedGem exhibited systematic biases, particularly in individuals with higher adiposity, leading to RMR overestimations. Conclusions: The main results demonstrated the critical need for rigorous validation of portable gas analyzers before their implementation in clinical and research settings to ensure their applicability across diverse populations and metabolic assessments.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/13/7/198energetic expenditureindirect calorimetryvalidation studyreproducibility of results |
| spellingShingle | César Ulises Olivas-León Francisco Javier Olivas-Aguirre Isaac Armando Chávez-Guevara Horacio Eusebio Almanza-Reyes Leslie Patrón-Romero Genaro Rodríguez-Uribe Francisco José Amaro-Gahete Marco Antonio Hernández-Lepe Using Respiratory Gas Analyzers to Determine Resting Metabolic Rate in Adults: A Systematic Review of Validity Studies Sports energetic expenditure indirect calorimetry validation study reproducibility of results |
| title | Using Respiratory Gas Analyzers to Determine Resting Metabolic Rate in Adults: A Systematic Review of Validity Studies |
| title_full | Using Respiratory Gas Analyzers to Determine Resting Metabolic Rate in Adults: A Systematic Review of Validity Studies |
| title_fullStr | Using Respiratory Gas Analyzers to Determine Resting Metabolic Rate in Adults: A Systematic Review of Validity Studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Using Respiratory Gas Analyzers to Determine Resting Metabolic Rate in Adults: A Systematic Review of Validity Studies |
| title_short | Using Respiratory Gas Analyzers to Determine Resting Metabolic Rate in Adults: A Systematic Review of Validity Studies |
| title_sort | using respiratory gas analyzers to determine resting metabolic rate in adults a systematic review of validity studies |
| topic | energetic expenditure indirect calorimetry validation study reproducibility of results |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/13/7/198 |
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