Multifunctional gradations of TPMS architected heat exchanger for enhancements in flow and heat exchange performances
Abstract Heat exchangers (HXs) based on triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) architectures have recently attracted significant interest due to their continuous and smooth shell structures with extensive surface areas. This study proposes an efficient design methodology for TPMS-based HXs by employ...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04940-2 |
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| author | Seo-Hyeon Oh Jeong Eun Kim Chan Hui Jang Jungwoo Kim Chang Yong Park Keun Park |
| author_facet | Seo-Hyeon Oh Jeong Eun Kim Chan Hui Jang Jungwoo Kim Chang Yong Park Keun Park |
| author_sort | Seo-Hyeon Oh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Heat exchangers (HXs) based on triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) architectures have recently attracted significant interest due to their continuous and smooth shell structures with extensive surface areas. This study proposes an efficient design methodology for TPMS-based HXs by employing three gradation strategies to enhance their thermofluidic performance: (i) filtering gradation to guide hot and cold fluids through designated inlet and outlet regions with reduced flow resistance; (ii) cell-size gradation to ensure uniform flow distribution by reducing dead zones; and (iii) level-set gradation to maintain a minimum allowable wall thickness under cell-size variations. These multifunctional gradations are realized through adaptive manipulation of the signed distance fields for TPMS formulations. Computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed for various HX designs, identifying a graded design with cell sizes ranging from 6 to 10 mm as optimal for minimizing local flow stagnation. The optimized HX was fabricated via additive manufacturing and validated experimentally. Experimental results revealed a 30% improvement in heat exchange capacity with only a 0.3 kPa increase in pressure drop, resulting in a 28% enhancement in the overall heat exchange performance. These findings demonstrate that the multifunctional gradation approach enables the optimal design of TPMS-based HXs with superior thermofluidic performance and structural integrity. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1afa8780c032416fb4246769cda31489 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-1afa8780c032416fb4246769cda314892025-08-20T03:26:42ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-06-0115111810.1038/s41598-025-04940-2Multifunctional gradations of TPMS architected heat exchanger for enhancements in flow and heat exchange performancesSeo-Hyeon Oh0Jeong Eun Kim1Chan Hui Jang2Jungwoo Kim3Chang Yong Park4Keun Park5Department of Mechanical Design and Robot Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Mechanical Design and Robot Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Mechanical System Design Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Mechanical Design and Robot Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Mechanical Design and Robot Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Mechanical Design and Robot Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and TechnologyAbstract Heat exchangers (HXs) based on triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) architectures have recently attracted significant interest due to their continuous and smooth shell structures with extensive surface areas. This study proposes an efficient design methodology for TPMS-based HXs by employing three gradation strategies to enhance their thermofluidic performance: (i) filtering gradation to guide hot and cold fluids through designated inlet and outlet regions with reduced flow resistance; (ii) cell-size gradation to ensure uniform flow distribution by reducing dead zones; and (iii) level-set gradation to maintain a minimum allowable wall thickness under cell-size variations. These multifunctional gradations are realized through adaptive manipulation of the signed distance fields for TPMS formulations. Computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed for various HX designs, identifying a graded design with cell sizes ranging from 6 to 10 mm as optimal for minimizing local flow stagnation. The optimized HX was fabricated via additive manufacturing and validated experimentally. Experimental results revealed a 30% improvement in heat exchange capacity with only a 0.3 kPa increase in pressure drop, resulting in a 28% enhancement in the overall heat exchange performance. These findings demonstrate that the multifunctional gradation approach enables the optimal design of TPMS-based HXs with superior thermofluidic performance and structural integrity.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04940-2Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS)Heat exchangerFunctional gradationAdditive manufacturingComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) |
| spellingShingle | Seo-Hyeon Oh Jeong Eun Kim Chan Hui Jang Jungwoo Kim Chang Yong Park Keun Park Multifunctional gradations of TPMS architected heat exchanger for enhancements in flow and heat exchange performances Scientific Reports Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) Heat exchanger Functional gradation Additive manufacturing Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) |
| title | Multifunctional gradations of TPMS architected heat exchanger for enhancements in flow and heat exchange performances |
| title_full | Multifunctional gradations of TPMS architected heat exchanger for enhancements in flow and heat exchange performances |
| title_fullStr | Multifunctional gradations of TPMS architected heat exchanger for enhancements in flow and heat exchange performances |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multifunctional gradations of TPMS architected heat exchanger for enhancements in flow and heat exchange performances |
| title_short | Multifunctional gradations of TPMS architected heat exchanger for enhancements in flow and heat exchange performances |
| title_sort | multifunctional gradations of tpms architected heat exchanger for enhancements in flow and heat exchange performances |
| topic | Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) Heat exchanger Functional gradation Additive manufacturing Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04940-2 |
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