Release and Degradation of Environmental DNA and RNA From Eels in Aotearoa New Zealand

ABSTRACT Environmental DNA (eDNA) has become a crucial tool for detecting rare species and monitoring biodiversity. However, the prolonged persistence of eDNA in water complicates the precise determination of an organism's location based on an eDNA signal alone. In contrast, environmental RNA (...

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Main Authors: Alexandre Che‐Pelicier, Hannah G. Hampton, Amandine J. M. Sabadel, Georgia Thomson Laing, Therese Miller, Xavier Pochon
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-05-01
Series:Environmental DNA
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.70128
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author Alexandre Che‐Pelicier
Hannah G. Hampton
Amandine J. M. Sabadel
Georgia Thomson Laing
Therese Miller
Xavier Pochon
author_facet Alexandre Che‐Pelicier
Hannah G. Hampton
Amandine J. M. Sabadel
Georgia Thomson Laing
Therese Miller
Xavier Pochon
author_sort Alexandre Che‐Pelicier
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Environmental DNA (eDNA) has become a crucial tool for detecting rare species and monitoring biodiversity. However, the prolonged persistence of eDNA in water complicates the precise determination of an organism's location based on an eDNA signal alone. In contrast, environmental RNA (eRNA) degrades faster, potentially offering a more accurate detection proxy. To test this, we analyzed eDNA and eRNA release concentrations and decay rates from six longfin (Anguilla dieffenbachii) and six shortfin (Anguilla australis) eels under controlled conditions. Eels were placed in aquaria for 30 h and, after their removal, temporal water sampling was conducted over 7 days to assess the eels' eDNA and eRNA dynamics. Concentrations of eDNA and eRNA were estimated using validated droplet digital PCR assays for each species (cytb and 16S mitochondrial genes). Temporal eDNA and eRNA dynamics followed an exponential decay function over time, demonstrating a predictable decline in their concentrations. Moreover, higher decay rates of eRNA could represent a slightly more accurate proxy than eDNA for the location determination of rare species. Variability in the release and decay could be linked to the type of nucleic acid, marker genes, or eel species. Understanding these dynamics will help fine‐tune detection models based on eDNA and eRNA.
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spelling doaj-art-1af5cf917e3c41feb36d78cd8ea291702025-08-20T02:35:13ZengWileyEnvironmental DNA2637-49432025-05-0173n/an/a10.1002/edn3.70128Release and Degradation of Environmental DNA and RNA From Eels in Aotearoa New ZealandAlexandre Che‐Pelicier0Hannah G. Hampton1Amandine J. M. Sabadel2Georgia Thomson Laing3Therese Miller4Xavier Pochon5Cawthron Institute Nelson New ZealandCawthron Institute Nelson New ZealandDepartment of Environmental Science Auckland University of Technology Auckland New ZealandCawthron Institute Nelson New ZealandCawthron Institute Nelson New ZealandCawthron Institute Nelson New ZealandABSTRACT Environmental DNA (eDNA) has become a crucial tool for detecting rare species and monitoring biodiversity. However, the prolonged persistence of eDNA in water complicates the precise determination of an organism's location based on an eDNA signal alone. In contrast, environmental RNA (eRNA) degrades faster, potentially offering a more accurate detection proxy. To test this, we analyzed eDNA and eRNA release concentrations and decay rates from six longfin (Anguilla dieffenbachii) and six shortfin (Anguilla australis) eels under controlled conditions. Eels were placed in aquaria for 30 h and, after their removal, temporal water sampling was conducted over 7 days to assess the eels' eDNA and eRNA dynamics. Concentrations of eDNA and eRNA were estimated using validated droplet digital PCR assays for each species (cytb and 16S mitochondrial genes). Temporal eDNA and eRNA dynamics followed an exponential decay function over time, demonstrating a predictable decline in their concentrations. Moreover, higher decay rates of eRNA could represent a slightly more accurate proxy than eDNA for the location determination of rare species. Variability in the release and decay could be linked to the type of nucleic acid, marker genes, or eel species. Understanding these dynamics will help fine‐tune detection models based on eDNA and eRNA.https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.70128Anguilla eelsbiodiversity monitoringdecay ratesdroplet digital PCRenvironmental DNA/RNA (eDNA/eRNA)nucleic acid ecology
spellingShingle Alexandre Che‐Pelicier
Hannah G. Hampton
Amandine J. M. Sabadel
Georgia Thomson Laing
Therese Miller
Xavier Pochon
Release and Degradation of Environmental DNA and RNA From Eels in Aotearoa New Zealand
Environmental DNA
Anguilla eels
biodiversity monitoring
decay rates
droplet digital PCR
environmental DNA/RNA (eDNA/eRNA)
nucleic acid ecology
title Release and Degradation of Environmental DNA and RNA From Eels in Aotearoa New Zealand
title_full Release and Degradation of Environmental DNA and RNA From Eels in Aotearoa New Zealand
title_fullStr Release and Degradation of Environmental DNA and RNA From Eels in Aotearoa New Zealand
title_full_unstemmed Release and Degradation of Environmental DNA and RNA From Eels in Aotearoa New Zealand
title_short Release and Degradation of Environmental DNA and RNA From Eels in Aotearoa New Zealand
title_sort release and degradation of environmental dna and rna from eels in aotearoa new zealand
topic Anguilla eels
biodiversity monitoring
decay rates
droplet digital PCR
environmental DNA/RNA (eDNA/eRNA)
nucleic acid ecology
url https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.70128
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