The Neglected Group: Cognitive Discourse Markers as Signposts of Prosodic Unit Boundaries

The present paper examines and compares the role of cognitive discourse markers (DMs), such as <i>uhm</i>, <i>like</i>, or <i>I mean</i>, and a set of prosodic parameters as indicators of prosodic boundaries. Cognitive DMs traditionally are not studied as a separa...

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Main Authors: Simona Majhenič, Mitja Beras, Janez Križaj
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Languages
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2226-471X/10/7/159
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author Simona Majhenič
Mitja Beras
Janez Križaj
author_facet Simona Majhenič
Mitja Beras
Janez Križaj
author_sort Simona Majhenič
collection DOAJ
description The present paper examines and compares the role of cognitive discourse markers (DMs), such as <i>uhm</i>, <i>like</i>, or <i>I mean</i>, and a set of prosodic parameters as indicators of prosodic boundaries. Cognitive DMs traditionally are not studied as a separate DM group on par with the ideational, sequential, rhetorical, or interpersonal group. However, as they reflect the speaker’s mental processes during speech production, they offer an exceptional glimpse into how speakers construct their verbalisations. Along with the analysis of DMs, prosodic parameters, including pitch and intensity reset, speech rate change, and pauses, were automatically annotated to determine how well they overlapped with the manually annotated prosodic boundaries. To accommodate for the natural variability in speech, the parameters were evaluated using relative comparison methods. Among the prosodic parameters, pauses were found to overlap most often with the manually annotated prosodic boundaries. Cognitive DMs in the function of realising new information, restructuring, and emphasis indeed proved as relevant boundary indicators, however, the group of cognitive DMs as a whole fell behind the group of sequential and rhetorical DMs, which overlapped most frequently with the manually annotated prosodic boundaries.
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spelling doaj-art-1ae0b85a5753436096be7885cf6af0f12025-08-20T03:58:31ZengMDPI AGLanguages2226-471X2025-06-0110715910.3390/languages10070159The Neglected Group: Cognitive Discourse Markers as Signposts of Prosodic Unit BoundariesSimona Majhenič0Mitja Beras1Janez Križaj2Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, SloveniaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, SloveniaFaculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaThe present paper examines and compares the role of cognitive discourse markers (DMs), such as <i>uhm</i>, <i>like</i>, or <i>I mean</i>, and a set of prosodic parameters as indicators of prosodic boundaries. Cognitive DMs traditionally are not studied as a separate DM group on par with the ideational, sequential, rhetorical, or interpersonal group. However, as they reflect the speaker’s mental processes during speech production, they offer an exceptional glimpse into how speakers construct their verbalisations. Along with the analysis of DMs, prosodic parameters, including pitch and intensity reset, speech rate change, and pauses, were automatically annotated to determine how well they overlapped with the manually annotated prosodic boundaries. To accommodate for the natural variability in speech, the parameters were evaluated using relative comparison methods. Among the prosodic parameters, pauses were found to overlap most often with the manually annotated prosodic boundaries. Cognitive DMs in the function of realising new information, restructuring, and emphasis indeed proved as relevant boundary indicators, however, the group of cognitive DMs as a whole fell behind the group of sequential and rhetorical DMs, which overlapped most frequently with the manually annotated prosodic boundaries.https://www.mdpi.com/2226-471X/10/7/159cognitive discourse markersprosodic unitsprosodic unit boundary
spellingShingle Simona Majhenič
Mitja Beras
Janez Križaj
The Neglected Group: Cognitive Discourse Markers as Signposts of Prosodic Unit Boundaries
Languages
cognitive discourse markers
prosodic units
prosodic unit boundary
title The Neglected Group: Cognitive Discourse Markers as Signposts of Prosodic Unit Boundaries
title_full The Neglected Group: Cognitive Discourse Markers as Signposts of Prosodic Unit Boundaries
title_fullStr The Neglected Group: Cognitive Discourse Markers as Signposts of Prosodic Unit Boundaries
title_full_unstemmed The Neglected Group: Cognitive Discourse Markers as Signposts of Prosodic Unit Boundaries
title_short The Neglected Group: Cognitive Discourse Markers as Signposts of Prosodic Unit Boundaries
title_sort neglected group cognitive discourse markers as signposts of prosodic unit boundaries
topic cognitive discourse markers
prosodic units
prosodic unit boundary
url https://www.mdpi.com/2226-471X/10/7/159
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