Computational Modelling of Tunicamycin C Interaction with Potential Protein Targets: Perspectives from Inverse Docking with Molecular Dynamic Simulation

Protein glycosylation plays a crucial role in cancer biology, influencing essential cellular processes such as cell signalling, immune recognition, and tumour metastasis. Therefore, this study highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting glycosylation in cancer treatment, as modulating these mo...

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Main Authors: Vivash Naidoo, Ikechukwu Achilonu, Sheefa Mirza, Rodney Hull, Jeyalakshmi Kandhavelu, Marushka Soobben, Clement Penny
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Current Issues in Molecular Biology
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/47/5/339
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author Vivash Naidoo
Ikechukwu Achilonu
Sheefa Mirza
Rodney Hull
Jeyalakshmi Kandhavelu
Marushka Soobben
Clement Penny
author_facet Vivash Naidoo
Ikechukwu Achilonu
Sheefa Mirza
Rodney Hull
Jeyalakshmi Kandhavelu
Marushka Soobben
Clement Penny
author_sort Vivash Naidoo
collection DOAJ
description Protein glycosylation plays a crucial role in cancer biology, influencing essential cellular processes such as cell signalling, immune recognition, and tumour metastasis. Therefore, this study highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting glycosylation in cancer treatment, as modulating these modifications could disrupt the fundamental mechanisms driving cancer progression and improve therapeutic outcomes. Recently, Tunicamycin C, a well-known glycosylation inhibitor, has shown promise in breast cancer treatment but remains unexplored in colorectal cancer (CRC). Thus, in this study, we aimed to understand the potential action of Tunicamycin C in CRC using in silico studies to identify possible drug targets for Tunicamycin C. First, we identified two target proteins using the HTDocking algorithm followed by GO and KEGG pathway searches: thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PKAc). Following this, molecular dynamics modelling revealed that Tunicamycin C binding induced a conformational perturbation in the 3D structures of TK1 and PKAc, inhibiting their activities. This interaction led to a stable design, promoting optimal binding of Tunicamycin C in the hydrophobic pockets of TK1 and PKAc. Serial validation studies highlighted the role of active site residues in binding stabilisation. Tunicamycin C exhibited high binding affinity with TK1 and PKAc. This study provides a way to explore and repurpose novel inhibitors of TK1 and PKAc and identify new therapeutic targets, which may block glycosylation in cancer treatment.
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spelling doaj-art-1adaea5b0ab54fa8a8dd4a059f6238a52025-08-20T03:47:52ZengMDPI AGCurrent Issues in Molecular Biology1467-30371467-30452025-05-0147533910.3390/cimb47050339Computational Modelling of Tunicamycin C Interaction with Potential Protein Targets: Perspectives from Inverse Docking with Molecular Dynamic SimulationVivash Naidoo0Ikechukwu Achilonu1Sheefa Mirza2Rodney Hull3Jeyalakshmi Kandhavelu4Marushka Soobben5Clement Penny6Department of Internal Medicine, Medicine, Wits/MRC Common Epithelial Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South AfricaProtein Structure-Function Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South AfricaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Medicine, Wits/MRC Common Epithelial Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South AfricaSAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South AfricaDepartment of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown, University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USAProtein Structure-Function Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South AfricaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Medicine, Wits/MRC Common Epithelial Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South AfricaProtein glycosylation plays a crucial role in cancer biology, influencing essential cellular processes such as cell signalling, immune recognition, and tumour metastasis. Therefore, this study highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting glycosylation in cancer treatment, as modulating these modifications could disrupt the fundamental mechanisms driving cancer progression and improve therapeutic outcomes. Recently, Tunicamycin C, a well-known glycosylation inhibitor, has shown promise in breast cancer treatment but remains unexplored in colorectal cancer (CRC). Thus, in this study, we aimed to understand the potential action of Tunicamycin C in CRC using in silico studies to identify possible drug targets for Tunicamycin C. First, we identified two target proteins using the HTDocking algorithm followed by GO and KEGG pathway searches: thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PKAc). Following this, molecular dynamics modelling revealed that Tunicamycin C binding induced a conformational perturbation in the 3D structures of TK1 and PKAc, inhibiting their activities. This interaction led to a stable design, promoting optimal binding of Tunicamycin C in the hydrophobic pockets of TK1 and PKAc. Serial validation studies highlighted the role of active site residues in binding stabilisation. Tunicamycin C exhibited high binding affinity with TK1 and PKAc. This study provides a way to explore and repurpose novel inhibitors of TK1 and PKAc and identify new therapeutic targets, which may block glycosylation in cancer treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/47/5/339glycosylationTunicamycinthymidine kinase 1protein kinase Amolecular dynamicstherapeutic targets
spellingShingle Vivash Naidoo
Ikechukwu Achilonu
Sheefa Mirza
Rodney Hull
Jeyalakshmi Kandhavelu
Marushka Soobben
Clement Penny
Computational Modelling of Tunicamycin C Interaction with Potential Protein Targets: Perspectives from Inverse Docking with Molecular Dynamic Simulation
Current Issues in Molecular Biology
glycosylation
Tunicamycin
thymidine kinase 1
protein kinase A
molecular dynamics
therapeutic targets
title Computational Modelling of Tunicamycin C Interaction with Potential Protein Targets: Perspectives from Inverse Docking with Molecular Dynamic Simulation
title_full Computational Modelling of Tunicamycin C Interaction with Potential Protein Targets: Perspectives from Inverse Docking with Molecular Dynamic Simulation
title_fullStr Computational Modelling of Tunicamycin C Interaction with Potential Protein Targets: Perspectives from Inverse Docking with Molecular Dynamic Simulation
title_full_unstemmed Computational Modelling of Tunicamycin C Interaction with Potential Protein Targets: Perspectives from Inverse Docking with Molecular Dynamic Simulation
title_short Computational Modelling of Tunicamycin C Interaction with Potential Protein Targets: Perspectives from Inverse Docking with Molecular Dynamic Simulation
title_sort computational modelling of tunicamycin c interaction with potential protein targets perspectives from inverse docking with molecular dynamic simulation
topic glycosylation
Tunicamycin
thymidine kinase 1
protein kinase A
molecular dynamics
therapeutic targets
url https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/47/5/339
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