Dynamic changes in sumoylation related proteins SUMO1, SENP1, and UBC9 during the peri implantation period in mice

Abstract The healthy progression and termination of pregnancy depend critically upon embryo development, acquisition of uterine receptivity, implantation, and decidualization during the peri-implantation period. Sumoylation is a post-translational modification that affects the stability, transcripti...

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Main Authors: Ezgi Golal, Cemre Nur Balci, Nuray Acar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07677-0
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author Ezgi Golal
Cemre Nur Balci
Nuray Acar
author_facet Ezgi Golal
Cemre Nur Balci
Nuray Acar
author_sort Ezgi Golal
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The healthy progression and termination of pregnancy depend critically upon embryo development, acquisition of uterine receptivity, implantation, and decidualization during the peri-implantation period. Sumoylation is a post-translational modification that affects the stability, transcriptional activity, and cellular localization of proteins. In our study, we investigated the localization and expression of SUMO1 (small ubiquitin-like modifier), SENP1 (sentrin-specific protease 1), and UBC9 (SUMO-conjugated enzyme UBC9), members of the sumoylation mechanism, in the mouse uterus and implantation sites during the peri-implantation period. Localization and expressions of SUMO1, SENP1, and UBC9 were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, respectively. Estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels were measured by ELISA. SUMO1 was at the highest level in the luminal and gland epithelium and stroma on the 5th day of pregnancy compared to other pregnancy days. SENP1 was high on the 4th but low on the 5th day of pregnancy. On the 6th and 8th days of pregnancy, expressions of SUMO1 and SENP1 were decreased, while the amount of UBC9 was similar to other days of pregnancy. According to ELISA, E2 reached its highest level on the 4th day of pregnancy, and P4 reached its highest level on the 8th day of pregnancy. SUMO1, SENP1, and UBC9 are expressed at different levels in the uterus and implantation sites during early pregnancy. Our findings suggest that the sumoylation mechanism may play a role in the implantation and decidualization processes of mice.
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spelling doaj-art-1ad9dfd2395145a1afe30994e9d3fb122025-08-20T04:01:36ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-07677-0Dynamic changes in sumoylation related proteins SUMO1, SENP1, and UBC9 during the peri implantation period in miceEzgi Golal0Cemre Nur Balci1Nuray Acar2Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz UniversityDepartment of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit UniversityDepartment of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz UniversityAbstract The healthy progression and termination of pregnancy depend critically upon embryo development, acquisition of uterine receptivity, implantation, and decidualization during the peri-implantation period. Sumoylation is a post-translational modification that affects the stability, transcriptional activity, and cellular localization of proteins. In our study, we investigated the localization and expression of SUMO1 (small ubiquitin-like modifier), SENP1 (sentrin-specific protease 1), and UBC9 (SUMO-conjugated enzyme UBC9), members of the sumoylation mechanism, in the mouse uterus and implantation sites during the peri-implantation period. Localization and expressions of SUMO1, SENP1, and UBC9 were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, respectively. Estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels were measured by ELISA. SUMO1 was at the highest level in the luminal and gland epithelium and stroma on the 5th day of pregnancy compared to other pregnancy days. SENP1 was high on the 4th but low on the 5th day of pregnancy. On the 6th and 8th days of pregnancy, expressions of SUMO1 and SENP1 were decreased, while the amount of UBC9 was similar to other days of pregnancy. According to ELISA, E2 reached its highest level on the 4th day of pregnancy, and P4 reached its highest level on the 8th day of pregnancy. SUMO1, SENP1, and UBC9 are expressed at different levels in the uterus and implantation sites during early pregnancy. Our findings suggest that the sumoylation mechanism may play a role in the implantation and decidualization processes of mice.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07677-0MouseSUMO1SENP1UBC9Uterus
spellingShingle Ezgi Golal
Cemre Nur Balci
Nuray Acar
Dynamic changes in sumoylation related proteins SUMO1, SENP1, and UBC9 during the peri implantation period in mice
Scientific Reports
Mouse
SUMO1
SENP1
UBC9
Uterus
title Dynamic changes in sumoylation related proteins SUMO1, SENP1, and UBC9 during the peri implantation period in mice
title_full Dynamic changes in sumoylation related proteins SUMO1, SENP1, and UBC9 during the peri implantation period in mice
title_fullStr Dynamic changes in sumoylation related proteins SUMO1, SENP1, and UBC9 during the peri implantation period in mice
title_full_unstemmed Dynamic changes in sumoylation related proteins SUMO1, SENP1, and UBC9 during the peri implantation period in mice
title_short Dynamic changes in sumoylation related proteins SUMO1, SENP1, and UBC9 during the peri implantation period in mice
title_sort dynamic changes in sumoylation related proteins sumo1 senp1 and ubc9 during the peri implantation period in mice
topic Mouse
SUMO1
SENP1
UBC9
Uterus
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07677-0
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AT nurayacar dynamicchangesinsumoylationrelatedproteinssumo1senp1andubc9duringtheperiimplantationperiodinmice