Are interventions for low-income groups effective in changing healthy eating, physical activity and smoking behaviours? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Objective To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effectiveness of behavioural interventions targeting diet, physical activity or smoking in low-income adults.Design Systematic review with random effects meta-analyses. Studies before 2006 were identified from a previously publ...
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| Format: | Article |
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BMJ Publishing Group
2014-11-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/4/11/e006046.full |
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| author | Stephan U Dombrowski Marie Johnston Nicola McCleary Eleanor R Bull |
| author_facet | Stephan U Dombrowski Marie Johnston Nicola McCleary Eleanor R Bull |
| author_sort | Stephan U Dombrowski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effectiveness of behavioural interventions targeting diet, physical activity or smoking in low-income adults.Design Systematic review with random effects meta-analyses. Studies before 2006 were identified from a previously published systematic review (searching 1995–2006) with similar but broader inclusion criteria (including non-randomised controlled trials (RCTs)). Studies from 2006 to 2014 were identified from eight electronic databases using a similar search strategy.Data sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, ASSIA, CINAHL, Cochrane Controlled Trials, Cochrane Systematic Review and DARE.Eligibility criteria for selecting studies RCTs and cluster RCTs published from 1995 to 2014; interventions targeting dietary, physical activity and smoking; low-income adults; reporting of behavioural outcomes.Main outcome measures Dietary, physical activity and smoking cessation behaviours.Results 35 studies containing 45 interventions with 17 000 participants met inclusion criteria. At postintervention, effects were positive but small for diet (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.22, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.29), physical activity (SMD 0.21, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.36) and smoking (relative risk (RR) of 1.59, 95% CI 1.34 to 1.89). Studies reporting follow-up results suggested that effects were maintained over time for diet (SMD 0.16, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.25) but not physical activity (SMD 0.17, 95% CI −0.02 to 0.37) or smoking (RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.34).Conclusions Behaviour change interventions for low-income groups had small positive effects on healthy eating, physical activity and smoking. Further work is needed to improve the effectiveness of behaviour change interventions for deprived populations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1ab99d6891ab456091e43cf1e751651d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2044-6055 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2014-11-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-1ab99d6891ab456091e43cf1e751651d2025-02-02T01:00:09ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552014-11-0141110.1136/bmjopen-2014-006046Are interventions for low-income groups effective in changing healthy eating, physical activity and smoking behaviours? A systematic review and meta-analysisStephan U Dombrowski0Marie Johnston1Nicola McCleary2Eleanor R Bull34 Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, New Brunswick, CanadaInstitute of Applied Health Sciences, Health Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK4 Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaNHS Grampian Public Health Directorate, Aberdeen, UKObjective To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effectiveness of behavioural interventions targeting diet, physical activity or smoking in low-income adults.Design Systematic review with random effects meta-analyses. Studies before 2006 were identified from a previously published systematic review (searching 1995–2006) with similar but broader inclusion criteria (including non-randomised controlled trials (RCTs)). Studies from 2006 to 2014 were identified from eight electronic databases using a similar search strategy.Data sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, ASSIA, CINAHL, Cochrane Controlled Trials, Cochrane Systematic Review and DARE.Eligibility criteria for selecting studies RCTs and cluster RCTs published from 1995 to 2014; interventions targeting dietary, physical activity and smoking; low-income adults; reporting of behavioural outcomes.Main outcome measures Dietary, physical activity and smoking cessation behaviours.Results 35 studies containing 45 interventions with 17 000 participants met inclusion criteria. At postintervention, effects were positive but small for diet (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.22, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.29), physical activity (SMD 0.21, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.36) and smoking (relative risk (RR) of 1.59, 95% CI 1.34 to 1.89). Studies reporting follow-up results suggested that effects were maintained over time for diet (SMD 0.16, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.25) but not physical activity (SMD 0.17, 95% CI −0.02 to 0.37) or smoking (RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.34).Conclusions Behaviour change interventions for low-income groups had small positive effects on healthy eating, physical activity and smoking. Further work is needed to improve the effectiveness of behaviour change interventions for deprived populations.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/4/11/e006046.full |
| spellingShingle | Stephan U Dombrowski Marie Johnston Nicola McCleary Eleanor R Bull Are interventions for low-income groups effective in changing healthy eating, physical activity and smoking behaviours? A systematic review and meta-analysis BMJ Open |
| title | Are interventions for low-income groups effective in changing healthy eating, physical activity and smoking behaviours? A systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full | Are interventions for low-income groups effective in changing healthy eating, physical activity and smoking behaviours? A systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | Are interventions for low-income groups effective in changing healthy eating, physical activity and smoking behaviours? A systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Are interventions for low-income groups effective in changing healthy eating, physical activity and smoking behaviours? A systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_short | Are interventions for low-income groups effective in changing healthy eating, physical activity and smoking behaviours? A systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_sort | are interventions for low income groups effective in changing healthy eating physical activity and smoking behaviours a systematic review and meta analysis |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/4/11/e006046.full |
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