Adequate Irrigation Amount per Application Is Required to Secure Uniform Water Management in Drip Irrigation Systems
Soil moisture sensor-based drip irrigation enables efficient irrigation practices by delivering the required water to plants. However, efficiency must be accompanied by uniform water management and crop growth. This study examined the effect of different irrigation amounts (IAs) per application (5.5...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/7/1639 |
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| author | Sooeon Lee Lynne Seymour Jongyun Kim |
| author_facet | Sooeon Lee Lynne Seymour Jongyun Kim |
| author_sort | Sooeon Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Soil moisture sensor-based drip irrigation enables efficient irrigation practices by delivering the required water to plants. However, efficiency must be accompanied by uniform water management and crop growth. This study examined the effect of different irrigation amounts (IAs) per application (5.5, 55, 110, and 165 mL) on the uniformity of substrate volumetric water content (VWC) within an irrigation plot, and the corresponding effect on sweet basil growth uniformity. Sixty-four frequency domain reflectometry sensors monitored the VWC of each 440 mL pot, and drip irrigation was automatically applied at 0.3 m<sup>3</sup>·m<sup>−3</sup>. The 5.5 mL IA showed the highest water use efficiency; however, it also resulted in considerable non-uniform VWC (coefficient of variation, CV = 0.404). In contrast, the 110 and 165 mL IAs provided better VWC uniformity (CV = 0.073 and 0.075, respectively), suggesting that less frequent, but larger IAs improved VWC uniformity. Despite the differences in VWC uniformity among treatments, the growth and physiological responses were quite similar across the treatments. It was found that supplying 110 mL irrigation water via the soil moisture sensor-based drip irrigation system to sweet basil plants in 440 mL pots is optimal for achieving both water use efficiency and VWC uniformity. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1ab06495454c4675abc4e485e27c744b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj-art-1ab06495454c4675abc4e485e27c744b2025-08-20T03:32:31ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952025-07-01157163910.3390/agronomy15071639Adequate Irrigation Amount per Application Is Required to Secure Uniform Water Management in Drip Irrigation SystemsSooeon Lee0Lynne Seymour1Jongyun Kim2Department of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USADepartment of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of KoreaSoil moisture sensor-based drip irrigation enables efficient irrigation practices by delivering the required water to plants. However, efficiency must be accompanied by uniform water management and crop growth. This study examined the effect of different irrigation amounts (IAs) per application (5.5, 55, 110, and 165 mL) on the uniformity of substrate volumetric water content (VWC) within an irrigation plot, and the corresponding effect on sweet basil growth uniformity. Sixty-four frequency domain reflectometry sensors monitored the VWC of each 440 mL pot, and drip irrigation was automatically applied at 0.3 m<sup>3</sup>·m<sup>−3</sup>. The 5.5 mL IA showed the highest water use efficiency; however, it also resulted in considerable non-uniform VWC (coefficient of variation, CV = 0.404). In contrast, the 110 and 165 mL IAs provided better VWC uniformity (CV = 0.073 and 0.075, respectively), suggesting that less frequent, but larger IAs improved VWC uniformity. Despite the differences in VWC uniformity among treatments, the growth and physiological responses were quite similar across the treatments. It was found that supplying 110 mL irrigation water via the soil moisture sensor-based drip irrigation system to sweet basil plants in 440 mL pots is optimal for achieving both water use efficiency and VWC uniformity.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/7/1639automated irrigation systemcoefficient of variationefficient irrigationsoil moisture sensoruniform productionvariability |
| spellingShingle | Sooeon Lee Lynne Seymour Jongyun Kim Adequate Irrigation Amount per Application Is Required to Secure Uniform Water Management in Drip Irrigation Systems Agronomy automated irrigation system coefficient of variation efficient irrigation soil moisture sensor uniform production variability |
| title | Adequate Irrigation Amount per Application Is Required to Secure Uniform Water Management in Drip Irrigation Systems |
| title_full | Adequate Irrigation Amount per Application Is Required to Secure Uniform Water Management in Drip Irrigation Systems |
| title_fullStr | Adequate Irrigation Amount per Application Is Required to Secure Uniform Water Management in Drip Irrigation Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adequate Irrigation Amount per Application Is Required to Secure Uniform Water Management in Drip Irrigation Systems |
| title_short | Adequate Irrigation Amount per Application Is Required to Secure Uniform Water Management in Drip Irrigation Systems |
| title_sort | adequate irrigation amount per application is required to secure uniform water management in drip irrigation systems |
| topic | automated irrigation system coefficient of variation efficient irrigation soil moisture sensor uniform production variability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/7/1639 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sooeonlee adequateirrigationamountperapplicationisrequiredtosecureuniformwatermanagementindripirrigationsystems AT lynneseymour adequateirrigationamountperapplicationisrequiredtosecureuniformwatermanagementindripirrigationsystems AT jongyunkim adequateirrigationamountperapplicationisrequiredtosecureuniformwatermanagementindripirrigationsystems |