Ground-Based MAX-DOAS Observations of Tropospheric Ozone and Its Precursors for Diagnosing Ozone Formation Sensitivity

Diagnosing ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) formation sensitivity using tropospheric observations of O<sub>3</sub> and its precursors is important for formulating O<sub>3</sub> pollution control strategies. Photochemical reactions producing O<sub>3</sub> occur at...

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Main Authors: Yuanyuan Qian, Dan Wang, Zhiyan Li, Ge Yan, Minjie Zhao, Haijin Zhou, Fuqi Si, Yuhan Luo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Remote Sensing
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/4/658
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author Yuanyuan Qian
Dan Wang
Zhiyan Li
Ge Yan
Minjie Zhao
Haijin Zhou
Fuqi Si
Yuhan Luo
author_facet Yuanyuan Qian
Dan Wang
Zhiyan Li
Ge Yan
Minjie Zhao
Haijin Zhou
Fuqi Si
Yuhan Luo
author_sort Yuanyuan Qian
collection DOAJ
description Diagnosing ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) formation sensitivity using tropospheric observations of O<sub>3</sub> and its precursors is important for formulating O<sub>3</sub> pollution control strategies. Photochemical reactions producing O<sub>3</sub> occur at the earth’s surface and in the elevated layers, indicating the importance of diagnosing O<sub>3</sub> formation sensitivity at different layers. Synchronous measurements of tropospheric O<sub>3</sub> and its precursors nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) and formaldehyde (HCHO) were performed in urban Hefei to diagnose O<sub>3</sub> formation sensitivity at different atmospheric layers using multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy observations. The retrieved surface NO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> were validated with in situ measurements (correlation coefficients (R) = 0.81 and 0.80), and the retrieved NO<sub>2</sub> and HCHO vertical column densities (VCDs) were consistent with TROPOMI results (R = 0.81 and 0.77). The regime transitions of O<sub>3</sub> formation sensitivity at different layers were derived using HCHO/NO<sub>2</sub> ratios and O<sub>3</sub> profiles, with contributions of VOC-limited, VOC-NO<sub>x</sub>-limited, and NO<sub>x</sub>-limited regimes of 74.19%, 7.33%, and 18.48%, respectively. In addition, the surface O<sub>3</sub> formation sensitivity between HCHO/NO<sub>2</sub> ratios and O<sub>3</sub> (or increased O<sub>3</sub>, ΔO<sub>3</sub>) had similar regime transitions of 2.21–2.46 and 2.39–2.71, respectively. Moreover, the O<sub>3</sub> formation sensitivity of the lower planetary boundary layer on polluted and non-polluted days was analyzed. On non-polluted days, the contributions of the VOC-limited regime were predominant in the lower planetary boundary layer, whereas those of the NO<sub>x</sub>-limited regime were predominant in the elevated layers during polluted days. These results will help us understand the evolution of O<sub>3</sub> formation sensitivity and formulate O<sub>3</sub> mitigation strategies in the Yangtze River Delta region.
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spelling doaj-art-1aaf0c95377a46a283fbaa8490e0833a2025-08-20T02:03:42ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-02-0117465810.3390/rs17040658Ground-Based MAX-DOAS Observations of Tropospheric Ozone and Its Precursors for Diagnosing Ozone Formation SensitivityYuanyuan Qian0Dan Wang1Zhiyan Li2Ge Yan3Minjie Zhao4Haijin Zhou5Fuqi Si6Yuhan Luo7School of Microelectronics & Data Science, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, ChinaSchool of Microelectronics & Data Science, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, ChinaSchool of Microelectronics & Data Science, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, ChinaJianghuai Advanced Technology Center, Hefei 230088, ChinaKey Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaKey Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaKey Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaKey Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaDiagnosing ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) formation sensitivity using tropospheric observations of O<sub>3</sub> and its precursors is important for formulating O<sub>3</sub> pollution control strategies. Photochemical reactions producing O<sub>3</sub> occur at the earth’s surface and in the elevated layers, indicating the importance of diagnosing O<sub>3</sub> formation sensitivity at different layers. Synchronous measurements of tropospheric O<sub>3</sub> and its precursors nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) and formaldehyde (HCHO) were performed in urban Hefei to diagnose O<sub>3</sub> formation sensitivity at different atmospheric layers using multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy observations. The retrieved surface NO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> were validated with in situ measurements (correlation coefficients (R) = 0.81 and 0.80), and the retrieved NO<sub>2</sub> and HCHO vertical column densities (VCDs) were consistent with TROPOMI results (R = 0.81 and 0.77). The regime transitions of O<sub>3</sub> formation sensitivity at different layers were derived using HCHO/NO<sub>2</sub> ratios and O<sub>3</sub> profiles, with contributions of VOC-limited, VOC-NO<sub>x</sub>-limited, and NO<sub>x</sub>-limited regimes of 74.19%, 7.33%, and 18.48%, respectively. In addition, the surface O<sub>3</sub> formation sensitivity between HCHO/NO<sub>2</sub> ratios and O<sub>3</sub> (or increased O<sub>3</sub>, ΔO<sub>3</sub>) had similar regime transitions of 2.21–2.46 and 2.39–2.71, respectively. Moreover, the O<sub>3</sub> formation sensitivity of the lower planetary boundary layer on polluted and non-polluted days was analyzed. On non-polluted days, the contributions of the VOC-limited regime were predominant in the lower planetary boundary layer, whereas those of the NO<sub>x</sub>-limited regime were predominant in the elevated layers during polluted days. These results will help us understand the evolution of O<sub>3</sub> formation sensitivity and formulate O<sub>3</sub> mitigation strategies in the Yangtze River Delta region.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/4/658O<sub>3</sub> formation sensitivityMAX-DOAStropospheric O<sub>3</sub>tropospheric O<sub>3</sub> precursors
spellingShingle Yuanyuan Qian
Dan Wang
Zhiyan Li
Ge Yan
Minjie Zhao
Haijin Zhou
Fuqi Si
Yuhan Luo
Ground-Based MAX-DOAS Observations of Tropospheric Ozone and Its Precursors for Diagnosing Ozone Formation Sensitivity
Remote Sensing
O<sub>3</sub> formation sensitivity
MAX-DOAS
tropospheric O<sub>3</sub>
tropospheric O<sub>3</sub> precursors
title Ground-Based MAX-DOAS Observations of Tropospheric Ozone and Its Precursors for Diagnosing Ozone Formation Sensitivity
title_full Ground-Based MAX-DOAS Observations of Tropospheric Ozone and Its Precursors for Diagnosing Ozone Formation Sensitivity
title_fullStr Ground-Based MAX-DOAS Observations of Tropospheric Ozone and Its Precursors for Diagnosing Ozone Formation Sensitivity
title_full_unstemmed Ground-Based MAX-DOAS Observations of Tropospheric Ozone and Its Precursors for Diagnosing Ozone Formation Sensitivity
title_short Ground-Based MAX-DOAS Observations of Tropospheric Ozone and Its Precursors for Diagnosing Ozone Formation Sensitivity
title_sort ground based max doas observations of tropospheric ozone and its precursors for diagnosing ozone formation sensitivity
topic O<sub>3</sub> formation sensitivity
MAX-DOAS
tropospheric O<sub>3</sub>
tropospheric O<sub>3</sub> precursors
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/4/658
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