The Impact of Cardiac Output Methods on the Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension

ABSTRACT Cardiac output is essential to calculate pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and classify pulmonary hypertension (PH). Recent evidence has shown a lower agreement between thermodilution (COTD) and direct Fick (CODF) methods than historically estimated. The influence of the cardiac output me...

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Main Authors: Léon Genecand, Gaëtan Simian, Mona Lichtblau, Jean‐Marc Fellrath, Julian Klug, Hugues Turbé, Christian Lovis, Stéphane Noble, Julie Wacker, Julian Müller, Roberto Desponds, Maurice Beghetti, Benoit Lechartier, David Montani, Olivier Sitbon, Silvia Ulrich, Frédéric Lador
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-04-01
Series:Pulmonary Circulation
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/pul2.70112
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author Léon Genecand
Gaëtan Simian
Mona Lichtblau
Jean‐Marc Fellrath
Julian Klug
Hugues Turbé
Christian Lovis
Stéphane Noble
Julie Wacker
Julian Müller
Roberto Desponds
Maurice Beghetti
Benoit Lechartier
David Montani
Olivier Sitbon
Silvia Ulrich
Frédéric Lador
author_facet Léon Genecand
Gaëtan Simian
Mona Lichtblau
Jean‐Marc Fellrath
Julian Klug
Hugues Turbé
Christian Lovis
Stéphane Noble
Julie Wacker
Julian Müller
Roberto Desponds
Maurice Beghetti
Benoit Lechartier
David Montani
Olivier Sitbon
Silvia Ulrich
Frédéric Lador
author_sort Léon Genecand
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Cardiac output is essential to calculate pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and classify pulmonary hypertension (PH). Recent evidence has shown a lower agreement between thermodilution (COTD) and direct Fick (CODF) methods than historically estimated. The influence of the cardiac output measurement method on the classification of PH is poorly explored. We aimed to estimate the risk of diagnostic error when using COTD instead of CODF. We used a previously published mathematical model to consecutive patients diagnosed with PH at three centers in Switzerland. This model allows an individual estimation of the risk of diagnostic error when using COTD instead of CODF and is based on limits of agreement (LoA) between COTD and CODF of 2 L/min (average estimation) and 2.7 L/min (worst case scenario estimation). One thousand one hundred and forty‐two patients with PH were evaluated. The mean risk of diagnostic error using the model with LoA of 2 L/min was 6.0% in the overall population (n = 1142). The mean risk of diagnostic error was 2.9% among the 712 patients with precapillary PH, 15.0% among the 113 patients with isolated postcapillary PH (IpcPH), 7.2% among the 247 patients with combined post‐ and pre‐capillary PH, and 18.8% among the 70 patients with unclassified PH. The estimated diagnostic error when using COTD instead of CODF was generally low, particularly for patients with precapillary PH. Patients with PVR close to the diagnostic threshold of 2 WU (i.e., between 1 and 3 WU), mostly concerning patients with IpcPH and unclassified PH, exhibited a higher risk of diagnostic error.
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spelling doaj-art-1aa820f1416e4ebeb1c2e1c75c8d17f32025-08-20T03:29:15ZengWileyPulmonary Circulation2045-89402025-04-01152n/an/a10.1002/pul2.70112The Impact of Cardiac Output Methods on the Classification of Pulmonary HypertensionLéon Genecand0Gaëtan Simian1Mona Lichtblau2Jean‐Marc Fellrath3Julian Klug4Hugues Turbé5Christian Lovis6Stéphane Noble7Julie Wacker8Julian Müller9Roberto Desponds10Maurice Beghetti11Benoit Lechartier12David Montani13Olivier Sitbon14Silvia Ulrich15Frédéric Lador16Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine Geneva University Hospitals Geneva SwitzerlandSection de mathématiques university of Geneva Geneva SwitzerlandDepartment of Pulmonology University of Zurich, University Hospital of Zurich Zurich SwitzerlandService of Pulmonary Medicine Hopital Pourtales, Reseau Hospitalier Neuchâtelois Neuchâtel SwitzerlandFaculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva SwitzerlandDivision of Medical Information Sciences University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva Geneva SwitzerlandDivision of Medical Information Sciences University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva Geneva SwitzerlandFaculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva SwitzerlandFaculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva SwitzerlandDepartment of Pulmonology University of Zurich, University Hospital of Zurich Zurich SwitzerlandSection de mathématiques university of Geneva Geneva SwitzerlandFaculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva SwitzerlandDivision of Respiratory Medicine Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne SwitzerlandUniversité Paris‐Saclay, School of Medicine Le Kremlin‐Bicêtre FranceUniversité Paris‐Saclay, School of Medicine Le Kremlin‐Bicêtre FranceDepartment of Pulmonology University of Zurich, University Hospital of Zurich Zurich SwitzerlandFaculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva SwitzerlandABSTRACT Cardiac output is essential to calculate pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and classify pulmonary hypertension (PH). Recent evidence has shown a lower agreement between thermodilution (COTD) and direct Fick (CODF) methods than historically estimated. The influence of the cardiac output measurement method on the classification of PH is poorly explored. We aimed to estimate the risk of diagnostic error when using COTD instead of CODF. We used a previously published mathematical model to consecutive patients diagnosed with PH at three centers in Switzerland. This model allows an individual estimation of the risk of diagnostic error when using COTD instead of CODF and is based on limits of agreement (LoA) between COTD and CODF of 2 L/min (average estimation) and 2.7 L/min (worst case scenario estimation). One thousand one hundred and forty‐two patients with PH were evaluated. The mean risk of diagnostic error using the model with LoA of 2 L/min was 6.0% in the overall population (n = 1142). The mean risk of diagnostic error was 2.9% among the 712 patients with precapillary PH, 15.0% among the 113 patients with isolated postcapillary PH (IpcPH), 7.2% among the 247 patients with combined post‐ and pre‐capillary PH, and 18.8% among the 70 patients with unclassified PH. The estimated diagnostic error when using COTD instead of CODF was generally low, particularly for patients with precapillary PH. Patients with PVR close to the diagnostic threshold of 2 WU (i.e., between 1 and 3 WU), mostly concerning patients with IpcPH and unclassified PH, exhibited a higher risk of diagnostic error.https://doi.org/10.1002/pul2.70112cardiac outputdirect fickpulmonary hypertensionthermodilution
spellingShingle Léon Genecand
Gaëtan Simian
Mona Lichtblau
Jean‐Marc Fellrath
Julian Klug
Hugues Turbé
Christian Lovis
Stéphane Noble
Julie Wacker
Julian Müller
Roberto Desponds
Maurice Beghetti
Benoit Lechartier
David Montani
Olivier Sitbon
Silvia Ulrich
Frédéric Lador
The Impact of Cardiac Output Methods on the Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension
Pulmonary Circulation
cardiac output
direct fick
pulmonary hypertension
thermodilution
title The Impact of Cardiac Output Methods on the Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension
title_full The Impact of Cardiac Output Methods on the Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension
title_fullStr The Impact of Cardiac Output Methods on the Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension
title_full_unstemmed The Impact of Cardiac Output Methods on the Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension
title_short The Impact of Cardiac Output Methods on the Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension
title_sort impact of cardiac output methods on the classification of pulmonary hypertension
topic cardiac output
direct fick
pulmonary hypertension
thermodilution
url https://doi.org/10.1002/pul2.70112
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