An Analysis of the Movement Trajectories of the Endangered <i>Acipenser gueldenstaedtii</i> in Ammonia-Supplemented Environments Using Image Processing Methods

In this study, the effect of ammonia on the <i>Acipenser gueldenstaedtii</i> was investigated using non-invasive methods. Different concentrations (100, 200, and 400 mg·lt<sup>−1</sup>) of ammonium chloride (NH<sub>4</sub>Cl) were added to the experimental groups...

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Main Authors: Beytullah Ahmet Balci, Güray Tonguç, Muhammed Nurullah Arslan, İlker Zeki Kurtoğlu, Tuba Sari
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Animals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/7/900
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author Beytullah Ahmet Balci
Güray Tonguç
Muhammed Nurullah Arslan
İlker Zeki Kurtoğlu
Tuba Sari
author_facet Beytullah Ahmet Balci
Güray Tonguç
Muhammed Nurullah Arslan
İlker Zeki Kurtoğlu
Tuba Sari
author_sort Beytullah Ahmet Balci
collection DOAJ
description In this study, the effect of ammonia on the <i>Acipenser gueldenstaedtii</i> was investigated using non-invasive methods. Different concentrations (100, 200, and 400 mg·lt<sup>−1</sup>) of ammonium chloride (NH<sub>4</sub>Cl) were added to the experimental groups to simulate ammonia in aquaculture systems, and the movements of the fish were monitored, recorded, and analyzed using image processing techniques and statistical methods. For image processing operations, the optical flow Farneback object-tracking algorithm and necessary image development algorithms were implemented using Python 3.9.13 Programming language codes in the Visual Studio Code software 1.98.2 development environment. At low concentrations, it was observed that the fish made circular movements, while at high concentrations, their movements were restricted and concentrated in areas close to the water’s surface. It was observed that with the increase in ammonia concentration, the movement distances of the fish decreased, and their movements became irregular. This shows that the <i>Acipenser gueldenstaedtii</i> is sensitive to ammonia concentrations and that these concentrations affect the behavior of the fish. These findings are significant for aquaculture conditions and water quality management of the endangered <i>Acipenser gueldenstaedtii</i>, which is protected from the threat of extinction.
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spelling doaj-art-1a9f456b039d4249bb5947a6a5b7eed82025-08-20T02:15:54ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-03-0115790010.3390/ani15070900An Analysis of the Movement Trajectories of the Endangered <i>Acipenser gueldenstaedtii</i> in Ammonia-Supplemented Environments Using Image Processing MethodsBeytullah Ahmet Balci0Güray Tonguç1Muhammed Nurullah Arslan2İlker Zeki Kurtoğlu3Tuba Sari4Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, TürkiyeDepartment of Management Information Systems, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, TürkiyeDepartment of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize 53100, TürkiyeDepartment of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize 53100, TürkiyeDepartment of Management Information Systems, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, TürkiyeIn this study, the effect of ammonia on the <i>Acipenser gueldenstaedtii</i> was investigated using non-invasive methods. Different concentrations (100, 200, and 400 mg·lt<sup>−1</sup>) of ammonium chloride (NH<sub>4</sub>Cl) were added to the experimental groups to simulate ammonia in aquaculture systems, and the movements of the fish were monitored, recorded, and analyzed using image processing techniques and statistical methods. For image processing operations, the optical flow Farneback object-tracking algorithm and necessary image development algorithms were implemented using Python 3.9.13 Programming language codes in the Visual Studio Code software 1.98.2 development environment. At low concentrations, it was observed that the fish made circular movements, while at high concentrations, their movements were restricted and concentrated in areas close to the water’s surface. It was observed that with the increase in ammonia concentration, the movement distances of the fish decreased, and their movements became irregular. This shows that the <i>Acipenser gueldenstaedtii</i> is sensitive to ammonia concentrations and that these concentrations affect the behavior of the fish. These findings are significant for aquaculture conditions and water quality management of the endangered <i>Acipenser gueldenstaedtii</i>, which is protected from the threat of extinction.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/7/900ammoniasturgeonfish behaviorsimage processingobject tracking
spellingShingle Beytullah Ahmet Balci
Güray Tonguç
Muhammed Nurullah Arslan
İlker Zeki Kurtoğlu
Tuba Sari
An Analysis of the Movement Trajectories of the Endangered <i>Acipenser gueldenstaedtii</i> in Ammonia-Supplemented Environments Using Image Processing Methods
Animals
ammonia
sturgeon
fish behaviors
image processing
object tracking
title An Analysis of the Movement Trajectories of the Endangered <i>Acipenser gueldenstaedtii</i> in Ammonia-Supplemented Environments Using Image Processing Methods
title_full An Analysis of the Movement Trajectories of the Endangered <i>Acipenser gueldenstaedtii</i> in Ammonia-Supplemented Environments Using Image Processing Methods
title_fullStr An Analysis of the Movement Trajectories of the Endangered <i>Acipenser gueldenstaedtii</i> in Ammonia-Supplemented Environments Using Image Processing Methods
title_full_unstemmed An Analysis of the Movement Trajectories of the Endangered <i>Acipenser gueldenstaedtii</i> in Ammonia-Supplemented Environments Using Image Processing Methods
title_short An Analysis of the Movement Trajectories of the Endangered <i>Acipenser gueldenstaedtii</i> in Ammonia-Supplemented Environments Using Image Processing Methods
title_sort analysis of the movement trajectories of the endangered i acipenser gueldenstaedtii i in ammonia supplemented environments using image processing methods
topic ammonia
sturgeon
fish behaviors
image processing
object tracking
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/7/900
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