Understanding the barriers and facilitators to delivering peer support effectively in England: a qualitative interview study

Abstract Background Peer support roles within mental health services are rapidly increasing in number and scope in the UK and internationally. This paper explores the facilitators and barriers to delivering peer support effectively, as experienced by Peer Support Workers (PSWs) in a range of service...

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Main Authors: Una Foye, Natasha Lyons, Prisha Shah, Lizzie Mitchell, Karen Machin, Beverley Chipp, Stephen Jeffreys, Tamar Jeynes, Karen Persaud, Vicky Nicholls, Ruth E. Cooper, Andrew Grundy, Tamara Pemovska, Nafiso Ahmed, Rebecca Appleton, Julie Repper, Sonia Johnson, Brynmor Lloyd-Evans, Alan Simpson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Psychiatry
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06850-z
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author Una Foye
Natasha Lyons
Prisha Shah
Lizzie Mitchell
Karen Machin
Beverley Chipp
Stephen Jeffreys
Tamar Jeynes
Karen Persaud
Vicky Nicholls
Ruth E. Cooper
Andrew Grundy
Tamara Pemovska
Nafiso Ahmed
Rebecca Appleton
Julie Repper
Sonia Johnson
Brynmor Lloyd-Evans
Alan Simpson
author_facet Una Foye
Natasha Lyons
Prisha Shah
Lizzie Mitchell
Karen Machin
Beverley Chipp
Stephen Jeffreys
Tamar Jeynes
Karen Persaud
Vicky Nicholls
Ruth E. Cooper
Andrew Grundy
Tamara Pemovska
Nafiso Ahmed
Rebecca Appleton
Julie Repper
Sonia Johnson
Brynmor Lloyd-Evans
Alan Simpson
author_sort Una Foye
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Peer support roles within mental health services are rapidly increasing in number and scope in the UK and internationally. This paper explores the facilitators and barriers to delivering peer support effectively, as experienced by Peer Support Workers (PSWs) in a range of services and settings. Methods We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with paid mental health PSWs working across a range of settings in England. We took a collaborative, participatory approach. Interviews were carried out by researchers with experience of living with and/or supporting others with mental health conditions, and for some having experience delivering peer support themselves, and data were analysed using methods guided by general principles of thematic analysis. Results We interviewed 35 PSWs with a range of roles that spanned a range of mental health areas, and regions. Overarching facilitators and barriers were identified including the need for roles to have flexibility with some structure and boundaries; the need for support, supervision and training to ensure PSWs are skilled in delivering the unique elements of their job; the importance of working with a strong team and leaders who support and value PSW; the complexity of working where there are tensions between the flexibility of PSW and the structures of existing healthcare systems, as well as the systemic factors such as funding, pay and progression can have an effect both on the personal experience of PSWs and on the value placed on PSWs in the wider organisation. Conclusion Our findings highlight the complexity of peer support work and PSW roles, with a variety both of facilitators allowing them to carry out roles effectively and the barriers to doing so. As PSWs numbers and the scope of their roles increase, awareness of barriers and facilitators needs to inform PSW job roles, support systems and integration into teams and systems.
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spelling doaj-art-1a8c32c8f3944af892b40a75d1106ab42025-08-20T02:25:17ZengBMCBMC Psychiatry1471-244X2025-05-0125111310.1186/s12888-025-06850-zUnderstanding the barriers and facilitators to delivering peer support effectively in England: a qualitative interview studyUna Foye0Natasha Lyons1Prisha Shah2Lizzie Mitchell3Karen Machin4Beverley Chipp5Stephen Jeffreys6Tamar Jeynes7Karen Persaud8Vicky Nicholls9Ruth E. Cooper10Andrew Grundy11Tamara Pemovska12Nafiso Ahmed13Rebecca Appleton14Julie Repper15Sonia Johnson16Brynmor Lloyd-Evans17Alan Simpson18NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, Department of Mental Health Nursing Research Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Kings College LondonNIHR Policy Research Unit in Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry, University College London (UCL)NIHR Policy Research Unit in Mental Health (MHPRU) Lived Experience Working Group, Division of Psychiatry, UCLNIHR Policy Research Unit in Mental Health (MHPRU) Lived Experience Working Group, Division of Psychiatry, UCLNIHR Policy Research Unit in Mental Health (MHPRU) Lived Experience Working Group, Division of Psychiatry, UCLNIHR Policy Research Unit in Mental Health (MHPRU) Lived Experience Working Group, Division of Psychiatry, UCLNIHR Policy Research Unit in Mental Health (MHPRU) Lived Experience Working Group, Division of Psychiatry, UCLNIHR Policy Research Unit in Mental Health (MHPRU) Lived Experience Working Group, Division of Psychiatry, UCLNIHR Policy Research Unit in Mental Health (MHPRU) Lived Experience Working Group, Division of Psychiatry, UCLNIHR Policy Research Unit in Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry, University College London (UCL)NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, Department of Mental Health Nursing Research Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Kings College LondonNIHR Policy Research Unit in Mental Health (MHPRU) Lived Experience Working Group, Division of Psychiatry, UCLNIHR Policy Research Unit in Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry, University College London (UCL)NIHR Policy Research Unit in Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry, University College London (UCL)NIHR Policy Research Unit in Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry, University College London (UCL)Implementing Recovery through Organisational Change (ImROC), ImROC Head OfficeNIHR Policy Research Unit in Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry, University College London (UCL)NIHR Policy Research Unit in Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry, University College London (UCL)NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, Department of Mental Health Nursing Research Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Kings College LondonAbstract Background Peer support roles within mental health services are rapidly increasing in number and scope in the UK and internationally. This paper explores the facilitators and barriers to delivering peer support effectively, as experienced by Peer Support Workers (PSWs) in a range of services and settings. Methods We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with paid mental health PSWs working across a range of settings in England. We took a collaborative, participatory approach. Interviews were carried out by researchers with experience of living with and/or supporting others with mental health conditions, and for some having experience delivering peer support themselves, and data were analysed using methods guided by general principles of thematic analysis. Results We interviewed 35 PSWs with a range of roles that spanned a range of mental health areas, and regions. Overarching facilitators and barriers were identified including the need for roles to have flexibility with some structure and boundaries; the need for support, supervision and training to ensure PSWs are skilled in delivering the unique elements of their job; the importance of working with a strong team and leaders who support and value PSW; the complexity of working where there are tensions between the flexibility of PSW and the structures of existing healthcare systems, as well as the systemic factors such as funding, pay and progression can have an effect both on the personal experience of PSWs and on the value placed on PSWs in the wider organisation. Conclusion Our findings highlight the complexity of peer support work and PSW roles, with a variety both of facilitators allowing them to carry out roles effectively and the barriers to doing so. As PSWs numbers and the scope of their roles increase, awareness of barriers and facilitators needs to inform PSW job roles, support systems and integration into teams and systems.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06850-zPeer supportPeer workersQualitative
spellingShingle Una Foye
Natasha Lyons
Prisha Shah
Lizzie Mitchell
Karen Machin
Beverley Chipp
Stephen Jeffreys
Tamar Jeynes
Karen Persaud
Vicky Nicholls
Ruth E. Cooper
Andrew Grundy
Tamara Pemovska
Nafiso Ahmed
Rebecca Appleton
Julie Repper
Sonia Johnson
Brynmor Lloyd-Evans
Alan Simpson
Understanding the barriers and facilitators to delivering peer support effectively in England: a qualitative interview study
BMC Psychiatry
Peer support
Peer workers
Qualitative
title Understanding the barriers and facilitators to delivering peer support effectively in England: a qualitative interview study
title_full Understanding the barriers and facilitators to delivering peer support effectively in England: a qualitative interview study
title_fullStr Understanding the barriers and facilitators to delivering peer support effectively in England: a qualitative interview study
title_full_unstemmed Understanding the barriers and facilitators to delivering peer support effectively in England: a qualitative interview study
title_short Understanding the barriers and facilitators to delivering peer support effectively in England: a qualitative interview study
title_sort understanding the barriers and facilitators to delivering peer support effectively in england a qualitative interview study
topic Peer support
Peer workers
Qualitative
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06850-z
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