Critical review of healthcare financing and a survey of system quality perception among healthcare users in Nigeria (2010-2023).
Nigeria aims to enhance its healthcare quality index score of 84th out of 110 countries and its Sustainable Development Goals Index ranking of 146th out of 166. Due to increased population, disease burden, and patient awareness, healthcare demand is rising, putting pressure on funding and quality as...
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| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2025-01-01
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| Series: | PLOS Global Public Health |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0004615 |
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| author | Blessing Osagumwendia Josiah Emmanuel Chukwunwike Enebeli Brontie Albertha Duncan Prisca Olabisi Adejumo Chinelo Cleopatra Josiah Lordsfavour Anukam Muhammad Baqir Shittu France Ncube Kelechi Eric Alimele Mercy Emmanuel Oyinye Prosper Martins-Ifeanyi Fawole Israel Opeyemi Oluwadamilare Akingbade Abosede Peace Adebayo Busiroh Mobolape Ibraheem Ubiebo Ataisi Ekenekot Mudiaga Sidney Edafiejire Solomon Oluwaseun Olukoya Ufuomaoghene Jemima Mukoro Siyouneh Baghdasarian Joy Chioma Obialor Gloria Oluwakorede Alao Blessing Onyinye Obialor Ndidi Louis Otoboyor Oghosa Gabriel Josiah Joshua Okonkwo Precious Ebinehita Imoyera Ajao Adewale Gbolabo Blessing Chiamaka Nganwuchu Olukayode Joseph Oladimeji Timothy Wale Olaosebikan Marios Kantaris |
| author_facet | Blessing Osagumwendia Josiah Emmanuel Chukwunwike Enebeli Brontie Albertha Duncan Prisca Olabisi Adejumo Chinelo Cleopatra Josiah Lordsfavour Anukam Muhammad Baqir Shittu France Ncube Kelechi Eric Alimele Mercy Emmanuel Oyinye Prosper Martins-Ifeanyi Fawole Israel Opeyemi Oluwadamilare Akingbade Abosede Peace Adebayo Busiroh Mobolape Ibraheem Ubiebo Ataisi Ekenekot Mudiaga Sidney Edafiejire Solomon Oluwaseun Olukoya Ufuomaoghene Jemima Mukoro Siyouneh Baghdasarian Joy Chioma Obialor Gloria Oluwakorede Alao Blessing Onyinye Obialor Ndidi Louis Otoboyor Oghosa Gabriel Josiah Joshua Okonkwo Precious Ebinehita Imoyera Ajao Adewale Gbolabo Blessing Chiamaka Nganwuchu Olukayode Joseph Oladimeji Timothy Wale Olaosebikan Marios Kantaris |
| author_sort | Blessing Osagumwendia Josiah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nigeria aims to enhance its healthcare quality index score of 84th out of 110 countries and its Sustainable Development Goals Index ranking of 146th out of 166. Due to increased population, disease burden, and patient awareness, healthcare demand is rising, putting pressure on funding and quality assurance. The Nigerian healthcare financing and its impacts are complex; this study gives insights into the trends. This questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey (conducted from June to August 2023) and 2010-2023 health budget analysis examined healthcare finance patterns and user attitudes (utilisation, preference and quality perceptions) in Nigeria. Data from government health budgets and a stratified random sample of 2,212 from nine states, obtained from the socioculturally diverse 237 million population, were analysed with a focus on trends, proportions, frequency distributions, and tests of association. Results show that the average rating of healthcare experiences did not vary significantly over the last decade. Healthcare system quality was rated mainly poor or very poor; structure (74.09%), services (61.66%), and cost (60.89%). While 87.36% used government healthcare facilities, 85.00% paid out-of-pocket, and 72.60% of them were dissatisfied with the value for money. Despite a preference for government facilities (71.43%), respondents cited high costs (62.75%), poor funding (85.65%), inadequate staffing (90.73%), and lack of essential medicines (88.47%) as major challenges. The budget analysis reveals an average government healthcare fund allocation of $7.12 compared with an estimated expenditure of $82.75 per person annually. Nigeria allocates only an average of 0.37% of GDP and 4.61% of the national budget to healthcare, comprising a maximum of 13.56% of total health expenditure. This study emphasises the urgent need for policy reforms and implementations to improve Nigeria's healthcare financing and service quality. Targeted interventions are essential to address systemic challenges and meet population needs while aligning with international health services and best standards. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1a8b54efc8264177a090a39b33a42891 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2767-3375 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLOS Global Public Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-1a8b54efc8264177a090a39b33a428912025-08-20T03:46:21ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLOS Global Public Health2767-33752025-01-0155e000461510.1371/journal.pgph.0004615Critical review of healthcare financing and a survey of system quality perception among healthcare users in Nigeria (2010-2023).Blessing Osagumwendia JosiahEmmanuel Chukwunwike EnebeliBrontie Albertha DuncanPrisca Olabisi AdejumoChinelo Cleopatra JosiahLordsfavour AnukamMuhammad Baqir ShittuFrance NcubeKelechi Eric AlimeleMercy EmmanuelOyinye Prosper Martins-IfeanyiFawole Israel OpeyemiOluwadamilare AkingbadeAbosede Peace AdebayoBusiroh Mobolape IbraheemUbiebo Ataisi EkenekotMudiaga Sidney EdafiejireSolomon Oluwaseun OlukoyaUfuomaoghene Jemima MukoroSiyouneh BaghdasarianJoy Chioma ObialorGloria Oluwakorede AlaoBlessing Onyinye ObialorNdidi Louis OtoboyorOghosa Gabriel JosiahJoshua OkonkwoPrecious Ebinehita ImoyeraAjao Adewale GbolaboBlessing Chiamaka NganwuchuOlukayode Joseph OladimejiTimothy Wale OlaosebikanMarios KantarisNigeria aims to enhance its healthcare quality index score of 84th out of 110 countries and its Sustainable Development Goals Index ranking of 146th out of 166. Due to increased population, disease burden, and patient awareness, healthcare demand is rising, putting pressure on funding and quality assurance. The Nigerian healthcare financing and its impacts are complex; this study gives insights into the trends. This questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey (conducted from June to August 2023) and 2010-2023 health budget analysis examined healthcare finance patterns and user attitudes (utilisation, preference and quality perceptions) in Nigeria. Data from government health budgets and a stratified random sample of 2,212 from nine states, obtained from the socioculturally diverse 237 million population, were analysed with a focus on trends, proportions, frequency distributions, and tests of association. Results show that the average rating of healthcare experiences did not vary significantly over the last decade. Healthcare system quality was rated mainly poor or very poor; structure (74.09%), services (61.66%), and cost (60.89%). While 87.36% used government healthcare facilities, 85.00% paid out-of-pocket, and 72.60% of them were dissatisfied with the value for money. Despite a preference for government facilities (71.43%), respondents cited high costs (62.75%), poor funding (85.65%), inadequate staffing (90.73%), and lack of essential medicines (88.47%) as major challenges. The budget analysis reveals an average government healthcare fund allocation of $7.12 compared with an estimated expenditure of $82.75 per person annually. Nigeria allocates only an average of 0.37% of GDP and 4.61% of the national budget to healthcare, comprising a maximum of 13.56% of total health expenditure. This study emphasises the urgent need for policy reforms and implementations to improve Nigeria's healthcare financing and service quality. Targeted interventions are essential to address systemic challenges and meet population needs while aligning with international health services and best standards.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0004615 |
| spellingShingle | Blessing Osagumwendia Josiah Emmanuel Chukwunwike Enebeli Brontie Albertha Duncan Prisca Olabisi Adejumo Chinelo Cleopatra Josiah Lordsfavour Anukam Muhammad Baqir Shittu France Ncube Kelechi Eric Alimele Mercy Emmanuel Oyinye Prosper Martins-Ifeanyi Fawole Israel Opeyemi Oluwadamilare Akingbade Abosede Peace Adebayo Busiroh Mobolape Ibraheem Ubiebo Ataisi Ekenekot Mudiaga Sidney Edafiejire Solomon Oluwaseun Olukoya Ufuomaoghene Jemima Mukoro Siyouneh Baghdasarian Joy Chioma Obialor Gloria Oluwakorede Alao Blessing Onyinye Obialor Ndidi Louis Otoboyor Oghosa Gabriel Josiah Joshua Okonkwo Precious Ebinehita Imoyera Ajao Adewale Gbolabo Blessing Chiamaka Nganwuchu Olukayode Joseph Oladimeji Timothy Wale Olaosebikan Marios Kantaris Critical review of healthcare financing and a survey of system quality perception among healthcare users in Nigeria (2010-2023). PLOS Global Public Health |
| title | Critical review of healthcare financing and a survey of system quality perception among healthcare users in Nigeria (2010-2023). |
| title_full | Critical review of healthcare financing and a survey of system quality perception among healthcare users in Nigeria (2010-2023). |
| title_fullStr | Critical review of healthcare financing and a survey of system quality perception among healthcare users in Nigeria (2010-2023). |
| title_full_unstemmed | Critical review of healthcare financing and a survey of system quality perception among healthcare users in Nigeria (2010-2023). |
| title_short | Critical review of healthcare financing and a survey of system quality perception among healthcare users in Nigeria (2010-2023). |
| title_sort | critical review of healthcare financing and a survey of system quality perception among healthcare users in nigeria 2010 2023 |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0004615 |
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