Khaya senegalensis: phytochemical characterization using LC/HRESI-MS/MS and in vitro antiviral efficacy of extracts and two major metabolites
Abstract A growing number of individuals are being diagnosed with viral infections each year, and these diseases continue to be a major global source of morbidity and mortality. More potent antivirals are required, especially in light of the rise in antiviral medication resistance. Given that plants...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
SpringerOpen
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Applied Biological Chemistry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13765-025-00993-z |
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| Summary: | Abstract A growing number of individuals are being diagnosed with viral infections each year, and these diseases continue to be a major global source of morbidity and mortality. More potent antivirals are required, especially in light of the rise in antiviral medication resistance. Given that plants are a major source of structurally diverse bioactive chemicals for drug development, it is possible to generate natural products derived from plants with antiviral properties. The objective of this work was to examine the metabolic profile of leaf and stem extracts from Khaya senegalensis using UPLC-Q/TOF–MS. Moreover, the MTT assay was employed to assess the antiviral efficacy of K.senegalensis fruit (KF), stem (KS), and leaf (KL) extracts. As well, the antiviral effects were studied for the two major metabolites, i.e. quericitrin (1) and rutin (2), against Herpes simplex type I (HSV-1), hepatitis A (HAV), and coxsackie B4 (CoxB4). The antiviral activity of K. senegalensis is being examined for the first time in this study. Fourty nine distinct metabolites were identified by UPLC-Q/TOF–MS. The phenolic kinds of these substances were divided into four groups: flavonoids (36), coumarins (4), phenolic acids (8), and organic acids (2). The main metabolites in the leaf and stem were rutin and quercitrin. Furthermore, metabolite 1 demonstrated greater antiviral activity with an IC50 Mean ± SD 33.38 ± 8.63 μg/mL against HSV1. KS extract and metabolite 1 demonstrated the strongest antiviral activity against HAV (59.28 and 60.32 µg/mL), which are almost equipotent to acyclovir (55.92 µg/mL). Additionally, the greatest antiviral activity against CoxB4 was demonstrated by metabolites 1 and 2 (19.08, 17.52 µg/mL). Following the computation of the Selectivity index (SI), it was discovered that metabolite 1 had a very high SI (14.34, 25.09) against HSV1 and CoxB4, but metabolite 2 had a high SI (23.97) against CoxB4. |
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| ISSN: | 2468-0842 |