Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infections Mother-Newborn Pair Study in Southern Ethiopia
Introduction. Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is a common cause of neurodevelopmental delays and sensorineural hearing loss of infants, yet the prevalence of cCMV and the associated factors in Ethiopia are not studied. Hence, this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of cCMV i...
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| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4646743 |
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| author | Mengistu Hailemariam Zenebe Zeleke Mekonnen Eskindir Loha Elizaveta Padalko |
| author_facet | Mengistu Hailemariam Zenebe Zeleke Mekonnen Eskindir Loha Elizaveta Padalko |
| author_sort | Mengistu Hailemariam Zenebe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction. Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is a common cause of neurodevelopmental delays and sensorineural hearing loss of infants, yet the prevalence of cCMV and the associated factors in Ethiopia are not studied. Hence, this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of cCMV in Southern Ethiopia. Methodology. A mother-newborn pair cross-sectional study was conducted at Hawassa University Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Newborn’s saliva sample was tested for cCMV using Alethia CMV molecular assay. Mothers’ serum was tested serologically for anti-CMV IgM and IgG by EUROIMMUN ELISA. Pregnant women responded to a questionnaire about their previous and current obstetric history and sociodemographic characteristics. The chi-square (χ2) test and independent-sample t-test were used to determine the associations between infections and possible risk factors; then, potential variables were screened for multivariable analysis. Results. A total of 593 mother-newborn pairs were assessed. CMV was detected in 14 of 593 newborn saliva swabs (2.4%; 95% CI 1.2–3.7). As assessed by CMV IgM-positive results, maternal CMV seropositivity was 8.3% (49/593); thus, the rate of mother-to-child transmission of CMV was 28% (14/49) among CMV IgM-positive women. Congenital CMV infection was significantly associated with maternal exposure through nursery school children in the household, women sharing a feeding cup with children, and any of the detected curable STIs during pregnancy. Birth weight was negatively associated with CMV infection. Maternal age, gravidity, level of education, and sharing of children feeding utensils were not associated with cCMV infection. Conclusion. A high rate of cCMV infection in the absence of awareness demands further in-depth investigation in Ethiopia. Thus, policymakers must take appropriate action through the antenatal care system for prevention strategies and put in place a constant health education and awareness creation of pregnant women about the causes of infection and hygienic measures. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1a7fdf49f15044ff9ef0c2c1eb6da612 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1918-1493 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-1a7fdf49f15044ff9ef0c2c1eb6da6122025-08-20T02:02:00ZengWileyCanadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology1918-14932021-01-01202110.1155/2021/4646743Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infections Mother-Newborn Pair Study in Southern EthiopiaMengistu Hailemariam Zenebe0Zeleke Mekonnen1Eskindir Loha2Elizaveta Padalko3School of Medical Laboratory SciencesSchool of Medical Laboratory SciencesCentre for International HealthDepartment of Diagnostic SciencesIntroduction. Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is a common cause of neurodevelopmental delays and sensorineural hearing loss of infants, yet the prevalence of cCMV and the associated factors in Ethiopia are not studied. Hence, this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of cCMV in Southern Ethiopia. Methodology. A mother-newborn pair cross-sectional study was conducted at Hawassa University Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Newborn’s saliva sample was tested for cCMV using Alethia CMV molecular assay. Mothers’ serum was tested serologically for anti-CMV IgM and IgG by EUROIMMUN ELISA. Pregnant women responded to a questionnaire about their previous and current obstetric history and sociodemographic characteristics. The chi-square (χ2) test and independent-sample t-test were used to determine the associations between infections and possible risk factors; then, potential variables were screened for multivariable analysis. Results. A total of 593 mother-newborn pairs were assessed. CMV was detected in 14 of 593 newborn saliva swabs (2.4%; 95% CI 1.2–3.7). As assessed by CMV IgM-positive results, maternal CMV seropositivity was 8.3% (49/593); thus, the rate of mother-to-child transmission of CMV was 28% (14/49) among CMV IgM-positive women. Congenital CMV infection was significantly associated with maternal exposure through nursery school children in the household, women sharing a feeding cup with children, and any of the detected curable STIs during pregnancy. Birth weight was negatively associated with CMV infection. Maternal age, gravidity, level of education, and sharing of children feeding utensils were not associated with cCMV infection. Conclusion. A high rate of cCMV infection in the absence of awareness demands further in-depth investigation in Ethiopia. Thus, policymakers must take appropriate action through the antenatal care system for prevention strategies and put in place a constant health education and awareness creation of pregnant women about the causes of infection and hygienic measures.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4646743 |
| spellingShingle | Mengistu Hailemariam Zenebe Zeleke Mekonnen Eskindir Loha Elizaveta Padalko Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infections Mother-Newborn Pair Study in Southern Ethiopia Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology |
| title | Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infections Mother-Newborn Pair Study in Southern Ethiopia |
| title_full | Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infections Mother-Newborn Pair Study in Southern Ethiopia |
| title_fullStr | Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infections Mother-Newborn Pair Study in Southern Ethiopia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infections Mother-Newborn Pair Study in Southern Ethiopia |
| title_short | Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infections Mother-Newborn Pair Study in Southern Ethiopia |
| title_sort | congenital cytomegalovirus infections mother newborn pair study in southern ethiopia |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4646743 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mengistuhailemariamzenebe congenitalcytomegalovirusinfectionsmothernewbornpairstudyinsouthernethiopia AT zelekemekonnen congenitalcytomegalovirusinfectionsmothernewbornpairstudyinsouthernethiopia AT eskindirloha congenitalcytomegalovirusinfectionsmothernewbornpairstudyinsouthernethiopia AT elizavetapadalko congenitalcytomegalovirusinfectionsmothernewbornpairstudyinsouthernethiopia |