Enhancing the Energy Content of Melawan Coal through H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and NaOH Demineralization

The objective of this study was to compare the calorific values, proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, SEM-EDX, XRF, FTIR spectroscopy, and TGA of the control feedstock and coal samples treated with different acid-alkali formulations. We also evaluated the effectiveness of the acid and alkali treat...

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Main Authors: Aliyu Buba Ngulde, Wan Azlina Wan Ab Karim Ghani, Nazmi Mat Nawi, Umer Rashid, Kiman Silas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Department of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2025-05-01
Series:Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
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Online Access:https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijc/article/view/100059
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author Aliyu Buba Ngulde
Wan Azlina Wan Ab Karim Ghani
Nazmi Mat Nawi
Umer Rashid
Kiman Silas
author_facet Aliyu Buba Ngulde
Wan Azlina Wan Ab Karim Ghani
Nazmi Mat Nawi
Umer Rashid
Kiman Silas
author_sort Aliyu Buba Ngulde
collection DOAJ
description The objective of this study was to compare the calorific values, proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, SEM-EDX, XRF, FTIR spectroscopy, and TGA of the control feedstock and coal samples treated with different acid-alkali formulations. We also evaluated the effectiveness of the acid and alkali treatments, individually and in combination, on the structural and chemical properties of Melawan coal. The TGA results indicated that all treated coal samples showed reduced weight loss compared to raw coal, indicating the removal of minerals and volatile components owing to the treatment processes. Based on the DTG curve, the combination treatment (acid followed by base) somewhat stabilizes the coal, leading to a broader and less intense peak. EDS analysis revealed that both H2SO4 and NaOH treatments, individually and in combination, significantly altered the elemental composition of the coal. According to FTIR analysis, the presence of carbonyl groups can affect the performance of coal in processes such as gasification, pyrolysis, or combustion, making it a key functional group of interest for evaluating post-treatment coal properties. The removal of mineral impurities can lead to a higher calorific value, making coal more suitable for energy generation applications.
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id doaj-art-1a7f8db267de4cd88ef52834c599b4a2
institution DOAJ
issn 1411-9420
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language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Department of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
record_format Article
series Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
spelling doaj-art-1a7f8db267de4cd88ef52834c599b4a22025-08-20T03:07:35ZengDepartment of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah MadaIndonesian Journal of Chemistry1411-94202460-15782025-05-0125376076910.22146/ijc.10005937560Enhancing the Energy Content of Melawan Coal through H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and NaOH DemineralizationAliyu Buba Ngulde0Wan Azlina Wan Ab Karim Ghani1Nazmi Mat Nawi2Umer Rashid3Kiman Silas4Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, NigeriaSustainable Process Engineering Research Center (SPERC), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, MalaysiaInstitute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, MalaysiaInstitute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ION2), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; Center of Excellence in Catalysis for Bioenergy and Renewable Chemicals (CBRC), Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, ThailandDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, NigeriaThe objective of this study was to compare the calorific values, proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, SEM-EDX, XRF, FTIR spectroscopy, and TGA of the control feedstock and coal samples treated with different acid-alkali formulations. We also evaluated the effectiveness of the acid and alkali treatments, individually and in combination, on the structural and chemical properties of Melawan coal. The TGA results indicated that all treated coal samples showed reduced weight loss compared to raw coal, indicating the removal of minerals and volatile components owing to the treatment processes. Based on the DTG curve, the combination treatment (acid followed by base) somewhat stabilizes the coal, leading to a broader and less intense peak. EDS analysis revealed that both H2SO4 and NaOH treatments, individually and in combination, significantly altered the elemental composition of the coal. According to FTIR analysis, the presence of carbonyl groups can affect the performance of coal in processes such as gasification, pyrolysis, or combustion, making it a key functional group of interest for evaluating post-treatment coal properties. The removal of mineral impurities can lead to a higher calorific value, making coal more suitable for energy generation applications.https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijc/article/view/100059coal compositiondemineralizationmelawan coalcoal power plantcoal properties
spellingShingle Aliyu Buba Ngulde
Wan Azlina Wan Ab Karim Ghani
Nazmi Mat Nawi
Umer Rashid
Kiman Silas
Enhancing the Energy Content of Melawan Coal through H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and NaOH Demineralization
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
coal composition
demineralization
melawan coal
coal power plant
coal properties
title Enhancing the Energy Content of Melawan Coal through H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and NaOH Demineralization
title_full Enhancing the Energy Content of Melawan Coal through H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and NaOH Demineralization
title_fullStr Enhancing the Energy Content of Melawan Coal through H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and NaOH Demineralization
title_full_unstemmed Enhancing the Energy Content of Melawan Coal through H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and NaOH Demineralization
title_short Enhancing the Energy Content of Melawan Coal through H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and NaOH Demineralization
title_sort enhancing the energy content of melawan coal through h sub 2 sub so sub 4 sub and naoh demineralization
topic coal composition
demineralization
melawan coal
coal power plant
coal properties
url https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijc/article/view/100059
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AT wanazlinawanabkarimghani enhancingtheenergycontentofmelawancoalthroughhsub2subsosub4subandnaohdemineralization
AT nazmimatnawi enhancingtheenergycontentofmelawancoalthroughhsub2subsosub4subandnaohdemineralization
AT umerrashid enhancingtheenergycontentofmelawancoalthroughhsub2subsosub4subandnaohdemineralization
AT kimansilas enhancingtheenergycontentofmelawancoalthroughhsub2subsosub4subandnaohdemineralization