Nitrogen-doped carbon dots from Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri): Metal-free probe for efficient detection of metal pollutants and methylene blue dye degradation
Contaminants like heavy metals in water bodies pose serious risks to human health and ecosystems, often leading to acute and chronic disorders, including cancer and organ damage. Understanding water contamination is vital for sustainable development. A biosensor is a biocompatible, sustainable devic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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De Gruyter
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Green Processing and Synthesis |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1515/gps-2024-0182 |
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| author | Soman Kondetharayil Kanagaraj Kuppusamy Senthilkumar Nangan Rajendran Saravanan Faraj Turki Kh. Alrefaei Abdulwahed Fahad Thirumalaivasan Natesan Sundaram Thanigaivel Roy Arpita Verma Rajan Thomas Sabu Gopi Sreeraj Lackner Maximilian |
| author_facet | Soman Kondetharayil Kanagaraj Kuppusamy Senthilkumar Nangan Rajendran Saravanan Faraj Turki Kh. Alrefaei Abdulwahed Fahad Thirumalaivasan Natesan Sundaram Thanigaivel Roy Arpita Verma Rajan Thomas Sabu Gopi Sreeraj Lackner Maximilian |
| author_sort | Soman Kondetharayil |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Contaminants like heavy metals in water bodies pose serious risks to human health and ecosystems, often leading to acute and chronic disorders, including cancer and organ damage. Understanding water contamination is vital for sustainable development. A biosensor is a biocompatible, sustainable device that can detect heavy metal ions. To do this, we used a hydrothermal process to produce nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs) from the plant Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri), given that Brahmi is a novel material for the synthesis of carbon dots and a medicinal plant. The nanoparticles’ size and morphology were analyzed using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering techniques, while Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy were employed for sample characterization. Optical properties were studied using ultraviolet (UV) and fluorescence spectroscopy. The NCDs showed a high quantum yield of 15.7%, and demonstrated significant fluorescence quenching in the presence of Fe³⁺ and Ni²⁺ ions, with detection limits of 1.46 and 3.19 µmol·L−1, respectively. This rapid, accurate method offers a promising solution for detecting heavy metals in water and could be expanded to real water samples and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye under UV light. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1a68f2d5bea945c39541ee1a38f6cbfa |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2191-9550 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | De Gruyter |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Green Processing and Synthesis |
| spelling | doaj-art-1a68f2d5bea945c39541ee1a38f6cbfa2025-08-20T02:37:17ZengDe GruyterGreen Processing and Synthesis2191-95502025-07-011417859561010.1515/gps-2024-0182Nitrogen-doped carbon dots from Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri): Metal-free probe for efficient detection of metal pollutants and methylene blue dye degradationSoman Kondetharayil0Kanagaraj Kuppusamy1Senthilkumar Nangan2Rajendran Saravanan3Faraj Turki Kh.4Alrefaei Abdulwahed Fahad5Thirumalaivasan Natesan6Sundaram Thanigaivel7Roy Arpita8Verma Rajan9Thomas Sabu10Gopi Sreeraj11Lackner Maximilian12School of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Athirampuzha, 686560, IndiaCenter for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, ChinaDepartment of Chemistry, Vinayaka Mission’s Kirupananda Variyar Arts & Science College, Periyaseeragapdi, Salem, IndiaInstituto de Alta Investigacion, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, 1000000, ChileDepartment of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College, and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603203, IndiaCentre for Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, IndiaChitkara Center for Research and Development, Chitkara University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, IndiaSchool of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Athirampuzha, 686560, IndiaPolymers Technology Department, Gdansk University of Technology, Building Chemia C, Room 201, Gdansk, PolandDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Hoechstaedtplatz 6, 1200, Vienna, AustriaContaminants like heavy metals in water bodies pose serious risks to human health and ecosystems, often leading to acute and chronic disorders, including cancer and organ damage. Understanding water contamination is vital for sustainable development. A biosensor is a biocompatible, sustainable device that can detect heavy metal ions. To do this, we used a hydrothermal process to produce nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs) from the plant Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri), given that Brahmi is a novel material for the synthesis of carbon dots and a medicinal plant. The nanoparticles’ size and morphology were analyzed using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering techniques, while Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy were employed for sample characterization. Optical properties were studied using ultraviolet (UV) and fluorescence spectroscopy. The NCDs showed a high quantum yield of 15.7%, and demonstrated significant fluorescence quenching in the presence of Fe³⁺ and Ni²⁺ ions, with detection limits of 1.46 and 3.19 µmol·L−1, respectively. This rapid, accurate method offers a promising solution for detecting heavy metals in water and could be expanded to real water samples and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye under UV light.https://doi.org/10.1515/gps-2024-0182bacopa monnierimetal pollutantnitrogen doped-carbon dotsbioremediationbiosensing, ni2+ fe3+ |
| spellingShingle | Soman Kondetharayil Kanagaraj Kuppusamy Senthilkumar Nangan Rajendran Saravanan Faraj Turki Kh. Alrefaei Abdulwahed Fahad Thirumalaivasan Natesan Sundaram Thanigaivel Roy Arpita Verma Rajan Thomas Sabu Gopi Sreeraj Lackner Maximilian Nitrogen-doped carbon dots from Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri): Metal-free probe for efficient detection of metal pollutants and methylene blue dye degradation Green Processing and Synthesis bacopa monnieri metal pollutant nitrogen doped-carbon dots bioremediation biosensing, ni2+ fe3+ |
| title | Nitrogen-doped carbon dots from Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri): Metal-free probe for efficient detection of metal pollutants and methylene blue dye degradation |
| title_full | Nitrogen-doped carbon dots from Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri): Metal-free probe for efficient detection of metal pollutants and methylene blue dye degradation |
| title_fullStr | Nitrogen-doped carbon dots from Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri): Metal-free probe for efficient detection of metal pollutants and methylene blue dye degradation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nitrogen-doped carbon dots from Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri): Metal-free probe for efficient detection of metal pollutants and methylene blue dye degradation |
| title_short | Nitrogen-doped carbon dots from Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri): Metal-free probe for efficient detection of metal pollutants and methylene blue dye degradation |
| title_sort | nitrogen doped carbon dots from brahmi bacopa monnieri metal free probe for efficient detection of metal pollutants and methylene blue dye degradation |
| topic | bacopa monnieri metal pollutant nitrogen doped-carbon dots bioremediation biosensing, ni2+ fe3+ |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1515/gps-2024-0182 |
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