Evaluating Physiological and Yield Indices of Egyptian Barley Cultivars Under Drought Stress Conditions

Climate change significantly threatens crops, mainly through drought stress, affecting barley, which is essential for food and feed globally. Ten barley cultivars were evaluated under normal and drought stress conditions during the 2019/20 and 2020/21 seasons, focusing on traits such as days to head...

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Main Authors: Wessam A. Abdelrady, Elsayed E. Elshawy, Hassan A. Abdelrahman, Syed Muhammad Hassan Askri, Zakir Ibrahim, Mohamed Mansour, Ibrahim S. El-Degwy, Taha Ghazy, Aziza A. Aboulila, Imran Haider Shamsi
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Agronomy
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/11/2711
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author Wessam A. Abdelrady
Elsayed E. Elshawy
Hassan A. Abdelrahman
Syed Muhammad Hassan Askri
Zakir Ibrahim
Mohamed Mansour
Ibrahim S. El-Degwy
Taha Ghazy
Aziza A. Aboulila
Imran Haider Shamsi
author_facet Wessam A. Abdelrady
Elsayed E. Elshawy
Hassan A. Abdelrahman
Syed Muhammad Hassan Askri
Zakir Ibrahim
Mohamed Mansour
Ibrahim S. El-Degwy
Taha Ghazy
Aziza A. Aboulila
Imran Haider Shamsi
author_sort Wessam A. Abdelrady
collection DOAJ
description Climate change significantly threatens crops, mainly through drought stress, affecting barley, which is essential for food and feed globally. Ten barley cultivars were evaluated under normal and drought stress conditions during the 2019/20 and 2020/21 seasons, focusing on traits such as days to heading and maturity, plant height, number of spikes m<sup>−2</sup>, spike length, 1000-kernel weight, and biological and grain yield. Drought stress significantly reduced most of these traits. The genotypes showed significant differences in their responses to irrigation treatments, with the interaction between seasons and cultivars also being significant for most traits. The grain yield and 1000-kernel weight were among the least affected traits under drought stress, respectively. Notably, Giza138 and Giza126 showed strong drought tolerance, suitable for drought-resilient breeding. In season one, Giza126, Giza134, and Giza138 yielded 13%, 9%, and 11%, respectively, while Giza135 and Giza129 showed higher reductions at 31% and 39%. In season two, Giza126, Giza134, and Giza138 had reductions of 14%, 10%, and 13%, respectively, while Giza135 and Giza129 again exhibited higher reductions at 31% and 38%. These cultivars also showed strong performance across various stress tolerance indices, including the MP, YSI, STI, GMP, and YI. Giza 134 demonstrated the lowest values for the SDI and TOL, indicating superior drought stress tolerance. On the other hand, Giza 129 and Giza 135 were the most sensitive to drought stress, experiencing significant reductions across critical traits, including 6.1% in days to heading, 18.37% in plant height, 28.21% in number of kernel spikes<sup>−1</sup>, 38.45% in grain yield, and 34.91% in biological yield. In contrast, Giza 138 and Giza 2000 showed better resilience, with lower reductions in the 1000-kernel weight (6.41%) and grain yield (10.61%), making them more suitable for drought-prone conditions. Giza 126 and Giza 132 also exhibited lower sensitivity, with minimal reductions in days to heading (2%) and maturity (2.4%), suggesting potential adaptability to water-limited environments. Giza 126 maintained the highest root lengths and had the highest stomatal conductance. Giza 138 consistently had the highest chlorophyll content, with SPAD values decreasing to 79% under drought. Despite leading in shoot length, Giza 135 decreased to 42.59% under drought stress. In conclusion, Giza 126 and Giza 138 showed adaptability to water-limited conditions with minimal impact on phenological traits. Giza 126 had the longest roots and highest stomatal conductance, while Giza 138 consistently maintained a high chlorophyll content. Together, they and Giza 134 are valuable for breeding programs to improve barley drought tolerance.
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spelling doaj-art-1a65b27e51804cd8a3352b551b94eb182025-08-20T02:26:52ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952024-11-011411271110.3390/agronomy14112711Evaluating Physiological and Yield Indices of Egyptian Barley Cultivars Under Drought Stress ConditionsWessam A. Abdelrady0Elsayed E. Elshawy1Hassan A. Abdelrahman2Syed Muhammad Hassan Askri3Zakir Ibrahim4Mohamed Mansour5Ibrahim S. El-Degwy6Taha Ghazy7Aziza A. Aboulila8Imran Haider Shamsi9Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaBarley Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 85871, EgyptZhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaZhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaZhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaBarley Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 85871, EgyptAgronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, EgyptAgronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, EgyptGenetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, EgyptZhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaClimate change significantly threatens crops, mainly through drought stress, affecting barley, which is essential for food and feed globally. Ten barley cultivars were evaluated under normal and drought stress conditions during the 2019/20 and 2020/21 seasons, focusing on traits such as days to heading and maturity, plant height, number of spikes m<sup>−2</sup>, spike length, 1000-kernel weight, and biological and grain yield. Drought stress significantly reduced most of these traits. The genotypes showed significant differences in their responses to irrigation treatments, with the interaction between seasons and cultivars also being significant for most traits. The grain yield and 1000-kernel weight were among the least affected traits under drought stress, respectively. Notably, Giza138 and Giza126 showed strong drought tolerance, suitable for drought-resilient breeding. In season one, Giza126, Giza134, and Giza138 yielded 13%, 9%, and 11%, respectively, while Giza135 and Giza129 showed higher reductions at 31% and 39%. In season two, Giza126, Giza134, and Giza138 had reductions of 14%, 10%, and 13%, respectively, while Giza135 and Giza129 again exhibited higher reductions at 31% and 38%. These cultivars also showed strong performance across various stress tolerance indices, including the MP, YSI, STI, GMP, and YI. Giza 134 demonstrated the lowest values for the SDI and TOL, indicating superior drought stress tolerance. On the other hand, Giza 129 and Giza 135 were the most sensitive to drought stress, experiencing significant reductions across critical traits, including 6.1% in days to heading, 18.37% in plant height, 28.21% in number of kernel spikes<sup>−1</sup>, 38.45% in grain yield, and 34.91% in biological yield. In contrast, Giza 138 and Giza 2000 showed better resilience, with lower reductions in the 1000-kernel weight (6.41%) and grain yield (10.61%), making them more suitable for drought-prone conditions. Giza 126 and Giza 132 also exhibited lower sensitivity, with minimal reductions in days to heading (2%) and maturity (2.4%), suggesting potential adaptability to water-limited environments. Giza 126 maintained the highest root lengths and had the highest stomatal conductance. Giza 138 consistently had the highest chlorophyll content, with SPAD values decreasing to 79% under drought. Despite leading in shoot length, Giza 135 decreased to 42.59% under drought stress. In conclusion, Giza 126 and Giza 138 showed adaptability to water-limited conditions with minimal impact on phenological traits. Giza 126 had the longest roots and highest stomatal conductance, while Giza 138 consistently maintained a high chlorophyll content. Together, they and Giza 134 are valuable for breeding programs to improve barley drought tolerance.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/11/2711barelydrought stresstolerance indexchlorophyll fluorescencestomatal conductance
spellingShingle Wessam A. Abdelrady
Elsayed E. Elshawy
Hassan A. Abdelrahman
Syed Muhammad Hassan Askri
Zakir Ibrahim
Mohamed Mansour
Ibrahim S. El-Degwy
Taha Ghazy
Aziza A. Aboulila
Imran Haider Shamsi
Evaluating Physiological and Yield Indices of Egyptian Barley Cultivars Under Drought Stress Conditions
Agronomy
barely
drought stress
tolerance index
chlorophyll fluorescence
stomatal conductance
title Evaluating Physiological and Yield Indices of Egyptian Barley Cultivars Under Drought Stress Conditions
title_full Evaluating Physiological and Yield Indices of Egyptian Barley Cultivars Under Drought Stress Conditions
title_fullStr Evaluating Physiological and Yield Indices of Egyptian Barley Cultivars Under Drought Stress Conditions
title_full_unstemmed Evaluating Physiological and Yield Indices of Egyptian Barley Cultivars Under Drought Stress Conditions
title_short Evaluating Physiological and Yield Indices of Egyptian Barley Cultivars Under Drought Stress Conditions
title_sort evaluating physiological and yield indices of egyptian barley cultivars under drought stress conditions
topic barely
drought stress
tolerance index
chlorophyll fluorescence
stomatal conductance
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/11/2711
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