Common and unique network basis for externally and internally driven flexibility in cognition: From a developmental perspective
Flexibility is a hallmark of cognitive control and can be driven externally and internally, corresponding to reactive and spontaneous flexibility. However, the convergence and divergence between these two types of flexibility and their underlying neural basis during development remain largely unknow...
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878929325000234 |
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| author | Ziyi Huang Dazhi Yin |
| author_facet | Ziyi Huang Dazhi Yin |
| author_sort | Ziyi Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Flexibility is a hallmark of cognitive control and can be driven externally and internally, corresponding to reactive and spontaneous flexibility. However, the convergence and divergence between these two types of flexibility and their underlying neural basis during development remain largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to determine the common and unique networks for reactive and spontaneous flexibility as a function of age and sex, leveraging both cross-sectional and longitudinal resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging datasets with different temporal resolutions (N = 249, 6–35 years old). Functional connectivity strength and nodal flexibility, derived from static and dynamic frameworks respectively, were utilized. We found similar quadratic effects of age on reactive and spontaneous flexibility, which were mediated by the functional connectivity strength and nodal flexibility of the frontoparietal network. Divergence was observed, with the nodal flexibility of the ventral attention network at the baseline visit uniquely predicting the increase in reactive flexibility 24–30 months later, while the nodal flexibility or functional connectivity strength of the dorsal attention network could specifically predict the increase in spontaneous flexibility. Sex differences were found in tasks measuring reactive and spontaneous flexibility simultaneously, which were moderated by the nodal flexibility of the dorsal attention network. This study advances our understanding of distinct types of flexibility in cognition and their underlying mechanisms throughout developmental stages. Our findings also suggest the importance of studying specific types of cognitive flexibility abnormalities in developmental neuropsychiatric disorders. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1a59c1eb42cb422dab87a91ce9c7a5aa |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1878-9293 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj-art-1a59c1eb42cb422dab87a91ce9c7a5aa2025-02-10T04:34:18ZengElsevierDevelopmental Cognitive Neuroscience1878-92932025-04-0172101528Common and unique network basis for externally and internally driven flexibility in cognition: From a developmental perspectiveZiyi Huang0Dazhi Yin1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China; Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200335, China; Correspondence to: School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhong-Shan Road, 200062 Shanghai, China.Flexibility is a hallmark of cognitive control and can be driven externally and internally, corresponding to reactive and spontaneous flexibility. However, the convergence and divergence between these two types of flexibility and their underlying neural basis during development remain largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to determine the common and unique networks for reactive and spontaneous flexibility as a function of age and sex, leveraging both cross-sectional and longitudinal resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging datasets with different temporal resolutions (N = 249, 6–35 years old). Functional connectivity strength and nodal flexibility, derived from static and dynamic frameworks respectively, were utilized. We found similar quadratic effects of age on reactive and spontaneous flexibility, which were mediated by the functional connectivity strength and nodal flexibility of the frontoparietal network. Divergence was observed, with the nodal flexibility of the ventral attention network at the baseline visit uniquely predicting the increase in reactive flexibility 24–30 months later, while the nodal flexibility or functional connectivity strength of the dorsal attention network could specifically predict the increase in spontaneous flexibility. Sex differences were found in tasks measuring reactive and spontaneous flexibility simultaneously, which were moderated by the nodal flexibility of the dorsal attention network. This study advances our understanding of distinct types of flexibility in cognition and their underlying mechanisms throughout developmental stages. Our findings also suggest the importance of studying specific types of cognitive flexibility abnormalities in developmental neuropsychiatric disorders.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878929325000234Cognitive flexibilityBrain networksDevelopmentBrain dynamicsSex effect |
| spellingShingle | Ziyi Huang Dazhi Yin Common and unique network basis for externally and internally driven flexibility in cognition: From a developmental perspective Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Cognitive flexibility Brain networks Development Brain dynamics Sex effect |
| title | Common and unique network basis for externally and internally driven flexibility in cognition: From a developmental perspective |
| title_full | Common and unique network basis for externally and internally driven flexibility in cognition: From a developmental perspective |
| title_fullStr | Common and unique network basis for externally and internally driven flexibility in cognition: From a developmental perspective |
| title_full_unstemmed | Common and unique network basis for externally and internally driven flexibility in cognition: From a developmental perspective |
| title_short | Common and unique network basis for externally and internally driven flexibility in cognition: From a developmental perspective |
| title_sort | common and unique network basis for externally and internally driven flexibility in cognition from a developmental perspective |
| topic | Cognitive flexibility Brain networks Development Brain dynamics Sex effect |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878929325000234 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ziyihuang commonanduniquenetworkbasisforexternallyandinternallydrivenflexibilityincognitionfromadevelopmentalperspective AT dazhiyin commonanduniquenetworkbasisforexternallyandinternallydrivenflexibilityincognitionfromadevelopmentalperspective |