Retrotransposon life cycle and its impacts on cellular responses
Approximately 45% of the human genome is comprised of transposable elements (TEs), also known as mobile genetic elements. However, their biological function remains largely unknown. Among them, retrotransposons are particularly abundant, and some of the copies are still capable of mobilization withi...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Taylor & Francis Group
2024-12-01
|
| Series: | RNA Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15476286.2024.2409607 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850105623109173248 |
|---|---|
| author | Ahmad Luqman-Fatah Kei Nishimori Shota Amano Yukiko Fumoto Tomoichiro Miyoshi |
| author_facet | Ahmad Luqman-Fatah Kei Nishimori Shota Amano Yukiko Fumoto Tomoichiro Miyoshi |
| author_sort | Ahmad Luqman-Fatah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Approximately 45% of the human genome is comprised of transposable elements (TEs), also known as mobile genetic elements. However, their biological function remains largely unknown. Among them, retrotransposons are particularly abundant, and some of the copies are still capable of mobilization within the genome through RNA intermediates. This review focuses on the life cycle of human retrotransposons and summarizes their regulatory mechanisms and impacts on cellular processes. Retrotransposons are generally epigenetically silenced in somatic cells, but are transcriptionally reactivated under certain conditions, such as tumorigenesis, development, stress, and ageing, potentially leading to genetic instability. We explored the dual nature of retrotransposons as genomic parasites and regulatory elements, focusing on their roles in genetic diversity and innate immunity. Furthermore, we discuss how host factors regulate retrotransposon RNA and cDNA intermediates through their binding, modification, and degradation. The interplay between retrotransposons and the host machinery provides insight into the complex regulation of retrotransposons and the potential for retrotransposon dysregulation to cause aberrant responses leading to inflammation and autoimmune diseases. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1a39e00d84584774829da252cd64f766 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1547-6286 1555-8584 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | RNA Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-1a39e00d84584774829da252cd64f7662025-08-20T02:39:01ZengTaylor & Francis GroupRNA Biology1547-62861555-85842024-12-012111048106410.1080/15476286.2024.2409607Retrotransposon life cycle and its impacts on cellular responsesAhmad Luqman-Fatah0Kei Nishimori1Shota Amano2Yukiko Fumoto3Tomoichiro Miyoshi4Laboratory for Retrotransposon Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, JapanLaboratory for Retrotransposon Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, JapanLaboratory for Retrotransposon Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, JapanLaboratory for Retrotransposon Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, JapanLaboratory for Retrotransposon Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, JapanApproximately 45% of the human genome is comprised of transposable elements (TEs), also known as mobile genetic elements. However, their biological function remains largely unknown. Among them, retrotransposons are particularly abundant, and some of the copies are still capable of mobilization within the genome through RNA intermediates. This review focuses on the life cycle of human retrotransposons and summarizes their regulatory mechanisms and impacts on cellular processes. Retrotransposons are generally epigenetically silenced in somatic cells, but are transcriptionally reactivated under certain conditions, such as tumorigenesis, development, stress, and ageing, potentially leading to genetic instability. We explored the dual nature of retrotransposons as genomic parasites and regulatory elements, focusing on their roles in genetic diversity and innate immunity. Furthermore, we discuss how host factors regulate retrotransposon RNA and cDNA intermediates through their binding, modification, and degradation. The interplay between retrotransposons and the host machinery provides insight into the complex regulation of retrotransposons and the potential for retrotransposon dysregulation to cause aberrant responses leading to inflammation and autoimmune diseases.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15476286.2024.2409607Retrotransposoninnate immunityDNA damageLINE-1HERVAlu |
| spellingShingle | Ahmad Luqman-Fatah Kei Nishimori Shota Amano Yukiko Fumoto Tomoichiro Miyoshi Retrotransposon life cycle and its impacts on cellular responses RNA Biology Retrotransposon innate immunity DNA damage LINE-1 HERV Alu |
| title | Retrotransposon life cycle and its impacts on cellular responses |
| title_full | Retrotransposon life cycle and its impacts on cellular responses |
| title_fullStr | Retrotransposon life cycle and its impacts on cellular responses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Retrotransposon life cycle and its impacts on cellular responses |
| title_short | Retrotransposon life cycle and its impacts on cellular responses |
| title_sort | retrotransposon life cycle and its impacts on cellular responses |
| topic | Retrotransposon innate immunity DNA damage LINE-1 HERV Alu |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15476286.2024.2409607 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ahmadluqmanfatah retrotransposonlifecycleanditsimpactsoncellularresponses AT keinishimori retrotransposonlifecycleanditsimpactsoncellularresponses AT shotaamano retrotransposonlifecycleanditsimpactsoncellularresponses AT yukikofumoto retrotransposonlifecycleanditsimpactsoncellularresponses AT tomoichiromiyoshi retrotransposonlifecycleanditsimpactsoncellularresponses |