An Innovative Approach to Enhancing Concrete Sustainability: Utilising Unprocessed Steel Slag with Low CaO and High SiO<sub>2</sub> Content
As a non-biodegradable material and a major environmental hazard due to its discharge into the environment, by-products like steel production steel slag (SS) are disposed of in open spaces, agricultural lands, and close to residential areas. This by-product is now considered to have qualities that m...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-05-01
|
| Series: | Buildings |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/9/1514 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850155870047961088 |
|---|---|
| author | Bengin M. A. Herki Ali Ibrahim Ali Yousif Sadiq Smail Karwan Maroof Omer |
| author_facet | Bengin M. A. Herki Ali Ibrahim Ali Yousif Sadiq Smail Karwan Maroof Omer |
| author_sort | Bengin M. A. Herki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As a non-biodegradable material and a major environmental hazard due to its discharge into the environment, by-products like steel production steel slag (SS) are disposed of in open spaces, agricultural lands, and close to residential areas. This by-product is now considered to have qualities that make it a potential substitute for cement and natural aggregates in the manufacturing of concrete or clinker in the cement manufacturing sector. The effects of using a novel type of SS made in an induction furnace (IF) in place of Portland cement and natural coarse aggregate in concrete were investigated experimentally. Steel slag powder (SSP), low-density steel slag (LDSS) aggregate, and high-density steel slag (HDSS) aggregate were all physically and chemically examined in this study. Each of these three replacement materials was added to concrete in weight proportions of 20%, 40%, and so on. The performance of the resultant mixtures was compared to that of the plain concrete, and the mechanical properties such as split tensile strength, flexural strength, and compressive strength were examined, along with the durability properties of water absorption (WA) and freeze–thaw, and the non-destructive testing of ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) of the concrete mixtures were also evaluated. The results indicated that adding HDSS to the concrete increased its mechanical and durability properties, while adding LDSS and SSP resulted in a small and a significant drop in mechanical properties, respectively, when compared to the plain concrete. The increase in compressive strength and the decrease in water absorption at the standard age of 28 days reached 5.2% and 2.1%, respectively. The percentage decrease in compressive strength (8.95–21.74%) of SS concrete mixtures after freeze–thaw cycles was greater than that of the control concrete. Additionally, a concrete mixture containing 40% HDSS yielded the best results. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1a2211afe09a4558bfbf55da1529dc20 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2075-5309 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Buildings |
| spelling | doaj-art-1a2211afe09a4558bfbf55da1529dc202025-08-20T02:24:45ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092025-05-01159151410.3390/buildings15091514An Innovative Approach to Enhancing Concrete Sustainability: Utilising Unprocessed Steel Slag with Low CaO and High SiO<sub>2</sub> ContentBengin M. A. Herki0Ali Ibrahim Ali1Yousif Sadiq Smail2Karwan Maroof Omer3Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Soran University, Soran 44008, IraqDarin Steel Factory, Kawergoask Road, Khabat District, Erbil 44001, IraqDarin Steel Factory, Kawergoask Road, Khabat District, Erbil 44001, IraqDarin Steel Factory, Kawergoask Road, Khabat District, Erbil 44001, IraqAs a non-biodegradable material and a major environmental hazard due to its discharge into the environment, by-products like steel production steel slag (SS) are disposed of in open spaces, agricultural lands, and close to residential areas. This by-product is now considered to have qualities that make it a potential substitute for cement and natural aggregates in the manufacturing of concrete or clinker in the cement manufacturing sector. The effects of using a novel type of SS made in an induction furnace (IF) in place of Portland cement and natural coarse aggregate in concrete were investigated experimentally. Steel slag powder (SSP), low-density steel slag (LDSS) aggregate, and high-density steel slag (HDSS) aggregate were all physically and chemically examined in this study. Each of these three replacement materials was added to concrete in weight proportions of 20%, 40%, and so on. The performance of the resultant mixtures was compared to that of the plain concrete, and the mechanical properties such as split tensile strength, flexural strength, and compressive strength were examined, along with the durability properties of water absorption (WA) and freeze–thaw, and the non-destructive testing of ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) of the concrete mixtures were also evaluated. The results indicated that adding HDSS to the concrete increased its mechanical and durability properties, while adding LDSS and SSP resulted in a small and a significant drop in mechanical properties, respectively, when compared to the plain concrete. The increase in compressive strength and the decrease in water absorption at the standard age of 28 days reached 5.2% and 2.1%, respectively. The percentage decrease in compressive strength (8.95–21.74%) of SS concrete mixtures after freeze–thaw cycles was greater than that of the control concrete. Additionally, a concrete mixture containing 40% HDSS yielded the best results.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/9/1514cement replacementfreeze–thaw resistancerecyclingsteel slagmechanical propertiesconcrete sustainability |
| spellingShingle | Bengin M. A. Herki Ali Ibrahim Ali Yousif Sadiq Smail Karwan Maroof Omer An Innovative Approach to Enhancing Concrete Sustainability: Utilising Unprocessed Steel Slag with Low CaO and High SiO<sub>2</sub> Content Buildings cement replacement freeze–thaw resistance recycling steel slag mechanical properties concrete sustainability |
| title | An Innovative Approach to Enhancing Concrete Sustainability: Utilising Unprocessed Steel Slag with Low CaO and High SiO<sub>2</sub> Content |
| title_full | An Innovative Approach to Enhancing Concrete Sustainability: Utilising Unprocessed Steel Slag with Low CaO and High SiO<sub>2</sub> Content |
| title_fullStr | An Innovative Approach to Enhancing Concrete Sustainability: Utilising Unprocessed Steel Slag with Low CaO and High SiO<sub>2</sub> Content |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Innovative Approach to Enhancing Concrete Sustainability: Utilising Unprocessed Steel Slag with Low CaO and High SiO<sub>2</sub> Content |
| title_short | An Innovative Approach to Enhancing Concrete Sustainability: Utilising Unprocessed Steel Slag with Low CaO and High SiO<sub>2</sub> Content |
| title_sort | innovative approach to enhancing concrete sustainability utilising unprocessed steel slag with low cao and high sio sub 2 sub content |
| topic | cement replacement freeze–thaw resistance recycling steel slag mechanical properties concrete sustainability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/9/1514 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT benginmaherki aninnovativeapproachtoenhancingconcretesustainabilityutilisingunprocessedsteelslagwithlowcaoandhighsiosub2subcontent AT aliibrahimali aninnovativeapproachtoenhancingconcretesustainabilityutilisingunprocessedsteelslagwithlowcaoandhighsiosub2subcontent AT yousifsadiqsmail aninnovativeapproachtoenhancingconcretesustainabilityutilisingunprocessedsteelslagwithlowcaoandhighsiosub2subcontent AT karwanmaroofomer aninnovativeapproachtoenhancingconcretesustainabilityutilisingunprocessedsteelslagwithlowcaoandhighsiosub2subcontent AT benginmaherki innovativeapproachtoenhancingconcretesustainabilityutilisingunprocessedsteelslagwithlowcaoandhighsiosub2subcontent AT aliibrahimali innovativeapproachtoenhancingconcretesustainabilityutilisingunprocessedsteelslagwithlowcaoandhighsiosub2subcontent AT yousifsadiqsmail innovativeapproachtoenhancingconcretesustainabilityutilisingunprocessedsteelslagwithlowcaoandhighsiosub2subcontent AT karwanmaroofomer innovativeapproachtoenhancingconcretesustainabilityutilisingunprocessedsteelslagwithlowcaoandhighsiosub2subcontent |