Heatwave types and frequency alter multigenerational ecological response of wheat aphids

Abstract Heatwaves are predicted to become more frequent under climate change. However, how different heatwave types and frequencies are linked to multigenerational ecological response remains unclear. Thus, using three heatwave types (34 °C/180 min, 36 °C/30 min, and 38 °C/10 min) and three frequen...

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Main Authors: Junyu Cao, Kun Xing, Fei Zhao, Weiwei Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13097-x
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author Junyu Cao
Kun Xing
Fei Zhao
Weiwei Li
author_facet Junyu Cao
Kun Xing
Fei Zhao
Weiwei Li
author_sort Junyu Cao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Heatwaves are predicted to become more frequent under climate change. However, how different heatwave types and frequencies are linked to multigenerational ecological response remains unclear. Thus, using three heatwave types (34 °C/180 min, 36 °C/30 min, and 38 °C/10 min) and three frequencies (1, 3, and 5 days), we tested the effects of heat stress on the life history traits of Sitobion avenae. Both heatwave type and frequency altered aphid fitness in a generation-specific manner. In maternal generations, at a 1-day frequency, 34℃/180 min exhibited the greatest effects on reproduction and longevity. However, as frequency increased, differences across various heat stress treatments diminished. Conversely, in offspring, 34℃/180 min had minimal effects on demographic parameters. Offspring performance was poorest at the 3-day frequency, indicating that a longer frequency for the mother does not necessarily mean a greater effect on the offspring. Changes in aphid fitness due to heatwave type and frequency are driven by asymmetric effects of heatwaves on aphid life history. Furthermore, understanding how heat stresses affect the life history of aphids is important for predicting the impacts of climate change at the generational level because climate effects on natural populations cannot be predicted simply through changes in mean temperature.
format Article
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spelling doaj-art-1a216ef751c9481db4f37cae52fd35142025-08-20T04:02:56ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-011511910.1038/s41598-025-13097-xHeatwave types and frequency alter multigenerational ecological response of wheat aphidsJunyu Cao0Kun Xing1Fei Zhao2Weiwei Li3Department of Biological and Food Engineering, Lvliang UniversityShanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural UniversityShanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural UniversityYicheng County Meteorological Bureau of Shanxi ProvinceAbstract Heatwaves are predicted to become more frequent under climate change. However, how different heatwave types and frequencies are linked to multigenerational ecological response remains unclear. Thus, using three heatwave types (34 °C/180 min, 36 °C/30 min, and 38 °C/10 min) and three frequencies (1, 3, and 5 days), we tested the effects of heat stress on the life history traits of Sitobion avenae. Both heatwave type and frequency altered aphid fitness in a generation-specific manner. In maternal generations, at a 1-day frequency, 34℃/180 min exhibited the greatest effects on reproduction and longevity. However, as frequency increased, differences across various heat stress treatments diminished. Conversely, in offspring, 34℃/180 min had minimal effects on demographic parameters. Offspring performance was poorest at the 3-day frequency, indicating that a longer frequency for the mother does not necessarily mean a greater effect on the offspring. Changes in aphid fitness due to heatwave type and frequency are driven by asymmetric effects of heatwaves on aphid life history. Furthermore, understanding how heat stresses affect the life history of aphids is important for predicting the impacts of climate change at the generational level because climate effects on natural populations cannot be predicted simply through changes in mean temperature.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13097-xSitobion avenaeHeat stressMaternalOffspringFitness traits
spellingShingle Junyu Cao
Kun Xing
Fei Zhao
Weiwei Li
Heatwave types and frequency alter multigenerational ecological response of wheat aphids
Scientific Reports
Sitobion avenae
Heat stress
Maternal
Offspring
Fitness traits
title Heatwave types and frequency alter multigenerational ecological response of wheat aphids
title_full Heatwave types and frequency alter multigenerational ecological response of wheat aphids
title_fullStr Heatwave types and frequency alter multigenerational ecological response of wheat aphids
title_full_unstemmed Heatwave types and frequency alter multigenerational ecological response of wheat aphids
title_short Heatwave types and frequency alter multigenerational ecological response of wheat aphids
title_sort heatwave types and frequency alter multigenerational ecological response of wheat aphids
topic Sitobion avenae
Heat stress
Maternal
Offspring
Fitness traits
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13097-x
work_keys_str_mv AT junyucao heatwavetypesandfrequencyaltermultigenerationalecologicalresponseofwheataphids
AT kunxing heatwavetypesandfrequencyaltermultigenerationalecologicalresponseofwheataphids
AT feizhao heatwavetypesandfrequencyaltermultigenerationalecologicalresponseofwheataphids
AT weiweili heatwavetypesandfrequencyaltermultigenerationalecologicalresponseofwheataphids