Coastal inorganic mercury time series reveals interannual and seasonal variability driven by regional climate factors

Abstract Inorganic mercury (iHg) is an anthropogenic pollutant that forms monomethylmercury, a neurotoxicant affecting human health through seafood consumption. Despite iHg emissions reductions, the impact on oceanic concentrations remains unclear due to limited long-term data. Here, we present a fo...

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Main Authors: Hannah M. Adams, Peipei Wu, Iris Kübler-Dudgeon, Carl H. Lamborg, Jeff S. Bowman, Amina T. Schartup
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Communications Earth & Environment
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02263-8
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author Hannah M. Adams
Peipei Wu
Iris Kübler-Dudgeon
Carl H. Lamborg
Jeff S. Bowman
Amina T. Schartup
author_facet Hannah M. Adams
Peipei Wu
Iris Kübler-Dudgeon
Carl H. Lamborg
Jeff S. Bowman
Amina T. Schartup
author_sort Hannah M. Adams
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Inorganic mercury (iHg) is an anthropogenic pollutant that forms monomethylmercury, a neurotoxicant affecting human health through seafood consumption. Despite iHg emissions reductions, the impact on oceanic concentrations remains unclear due to limited long-term data. Here, we present a four-year weekly time series of oceanic iHg concentrations at Scripps Pier in La Jolla, California, capturing interannual and seasonal variability. Interannual variability is driven by wet season precipitation, with wet years exhibiting sevenfold higher iHg concentration variance than dry years, potentially linking to El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Seasonally, precipitation and wave dynamics influence iHg inputs, with wet seasons driven by precipitation and runoff and dry seasons by upwelling. These parameters informed a model built to reconstruct a 20-year record of iHg concentrations, suggesting a long-term decline of 0.005 pM yr−1 due to climate-driven effects alone. This study highlights challenges in detecting long-term trends and emphasizes the need for sustained monitoring of oceanic iHg.
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publishDate 2025-04-01
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series Communications Earth & Environment
spelling doaj-art-1a1696d5a9454c3a8a90fd3deb52bee12025-08-20T02:17:49ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Earth & Environment2662-44352025-04-01611910.1038/s43247-025-02263-8Coastal inorganic mercury time series reveals interannual and seasonal variability driven by regional climate factorsHannah M. Adams0Peipei Wu1Iris Kübler-Dudgeon2Carl H. Lamborg3Jeff S. Bowman4Amina T. Schartup5Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San DiegoScripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San DiegoScripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San DiegoDepartment of Ocean Sciences, University of California Santa CruzScripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San DiegoScripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San DiegoAbstract Inorganic mercury (iHg) is an anthropogenic pollutant that forms monomethylmercury, a neurotoxicant affecting human health through seafood consumption. Despite iHg emissions reductions, the impact on oceanic concentrations remains unclear due to limited long-term data. Here, we present a four-year weekly time series of oceanic iHg concentrations at Scripps Pier in La Jolla, California, capturing interannual and seasonal variability. Interannual variability is driven by wet season precipitation, with wet years exhibiting sevenfold higher iHg concentration variance than dry years, potentially linking to El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Seasonally, precipitation and wave dynamics influence iHg inputs, with wet seasons driven by precipitation and runoff and dry seasons by upwelling. These parameters informed a model built to reconstruct a 20-year record of iHg concentrations, suggesting a long-term decline of 0.005 pM yr−1 due to climate-driven effects alone. This study highlights challenges in detecting long-term trends and emphasizes the need for sustained monitoring of oceanic iHg.https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02263-8
spellingShingle Hannah M. Adams
Peipei Wu
Iris Kübler-Dudgeon
Carl H. Lamborg
Jeff S. Bowman
Amina T. Schartup
Coastal inorganic mercury time series reveals interannual and seasonal variability driven by regional climate factors
Communications Earth & Environment
title Coastal inorganic mercury time series reveals interannual and seasonal variability driven by regional climate factors
title_full Coastal inorganic mercury time series reveals interannual and seasonal variability driven by regional climate factors
title_fullStr Coastal inorganic mercury time series reveals interannual and seasonal variability driven by regional climate factors
title_full_unstemmed Coastal inorganic mercury time series reveals interannual and seasonal variability driven by regional climate factors
title_short Coastal inorganic mercury time series reveals interannual and seasonal variability driven by regional climate factors
title_sort coastal inorganic mercury time series reveals interannual and seasonal variability driven by regional climate factors
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02263-8
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