Impacts of Reference Precipitation on the Assessment of Global Precipitation Measurement Precipitation Products
Reference precipitation (RP) serves as a benchmark for evaluating the accuracy of precipitation products; thus, the selection of RP considerably affects the evaluation. In order to quantify this impact and provide guidance for RP selection, three interpolation methods, namely inverse distance weight...
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/4/624 |
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| author | Ye Zhang Leizhi Wang Yilan Li Yintang Wang Fei Yao Yiceng Chen |
| author_facet | Ye Zhang Leizhi Wang Yilan Li Yintang Wang Fei Yao Yiceng Chen |
| author_sort | Ye Zhang |
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| description | Reference precipitation (RP) serves as a benchmark for evaluating the accuracy of precipitation products; thus, the selection of RP considerably affects the evaluation. In order to quantify this impact and provide guidance for RP selection, three interpolation methods, namely inverse distance weighting (IDW), ordinary kriging (OK), and geographical weighted regression (GWR), along with six groups of station densities, were adopted to generate different RPs, based on the super-high-density rainfall observations as true values, and we analyzed the errors of different RPs and the impacts of RP selection on the assessment of GPM precipitation products. Results indicate that the RPs from IDW and GWR both approached the true values as the station density increased (<i>CC</i> > 0.90); while the RP from OK showed some differences (<i>CC</i> < 0.80), it was similar to GWR when the station density was low, but the accuracy improved at first and then worsened as the station density continued to increase; the evaluation results based on different RPs showed remarkable differences even under the same conditions; when the average distance between rainfall gauges that were utilized to generate RPs was below the medium value (i.e., d < 20 km), the evaluation based on RP derived from IDW and GWR was close enough to that based on the true precipitation, which indicates its feasibility in evaluating satellite precipitation products. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1a078d31176844c99cf85c2c9c047ffe |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-1a078d31176844c99cf85c2c9c047ffe2025-08-20T02:44:35ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-02-0117462410.3390/rs17040624Impacts of Reference Precipitation on the Assessment of Global Precipitation Measurement Precipitation ProductsYe Zhang0Leizhi Wang1Yilan Li2Yintang Wang3Fei Yao4Yiceng Chen5National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, ChinaDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USANational Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, ChinaSchool of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaWuhan Zhongwei Intelligent Survey Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430030, ChinaReference precipitation (RP) serves as a benchmark for evaluating the accuracy of precipitation products; thus, the selection of RP considerably affects the evaluation. In order to quantify this impact and provide guidance for RP selection, three interpolation methods, namely inverse distance weighting (IDW), ordinary kriging (OK), and geographical weighted regression (GWR), along with six groups of station densities, were adopted to generate different RPs, based on the super-high-density rainfall observations as true values, and we analyzed the errors of different RPs and the impacts of RP selection on the assessment of GPM precipitation products. Results indicate that the RPs from IDW and GWR both approached the true values as the station density increased (<i>CC</i> > 0.90); while the RP from OK showed some differences (<i>CC</i> < 0.80), it was similar to GWR when the station density was low, but the accuracy improved at first and then worsened as the station density continued to increase; the evaluation results based on different RPs showed remarkable differences even under the same conditions; when the average distance between rainfall gauges that were utilized to generate RPs was below the medium value (i.e., d < 20 km), the evaluation based on RP derived from IDW and GWR was close enough to that based on the true precipitation, which indicates its feasibility in evaluating satellite precipitation products.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/4/624GPMnear-real-time satellite precipitationreference precipitationerror analysisaccuracy evaluation |
| spellingShingle | Ye Zhang Leizhi Wang Yilan Li Yintang Wang Fei Yao Yiceng Chen Impacts of Reference Precipitation on the Assessment of Global Precipitation Measurement Precipitation Products Remote Sensing GPM near-real-time satellite precipitation reference precipitation error analysis accuracy evaluation |
| title | Impacts of Reference Precipitation on the Assessment of Global Precipitation Measurement Precipitation Products |
| title_full | Impacts of Reference Precipitation on the Assessment of Global Precipitation Measurement Precipitation Products |
| title_fullStr | Impacts of Reference Precipitation on the Assessment of Global Precipitation Measurement Precipitation Products |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impacts of Reference Precipitation on the Assessment of Global Precipitation Measurement Precipitation Products |
| title_short | Impacts of Reference Precipitation on the Assessment of Global Precipitation Measurement Precipitation Products |
| title_sort | impacts of reference precipitation on the assessment of global precipitation measurement precipitation products |
| topic | GPM near-real-time satellite precipitation reference precipitation error analysis accuracy evaluation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/4/624 |
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