Regional and patient-level determinants of endoscopic utilization in rural healthcare: a multi-level analysis

ObjectiveDespite numerous studies on endoscopic services in urban settings, tailored assessments in rural healthcare remain limited, creating a gap in our understanding of resource-constrained environments. To address this gap, this study innovatively applied the Andersen Behavioral Model to systema...

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Main Authors: Muye Ma, Pengfei Li, Zhengyang Lu, Nan Zhang, Suzhen Wang, Youhua Lu, Jinming Yu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Oncology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1596332/full
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author Muye Ma
Pengfei Li
Zhengyang Lu
Nan Zhang
Suzhen Wang
Youhua Lu
Jinming Yu
author_facet Muye Ma
Pengfei Li
Zhengyang Lu
Nan Zhang
Suzhen Wang
Youhua Lu
Jinming Yu
author_sort Muye Ma
collection DOAJ
description ObjectiveDespite numerous studies on endoscopic services in urban settings, tailored assessments in rural healthcare remain limited, creating a gap in our understanding of resource-constrained environments. To address this gap, this study innovatively applied the Andersen Behavioral Model to systematically quantify endoscopic examination uptake and identify both patient-level (e.g., occupation, health history) and region-level (e.g., infrastructural challenges, socioeconomic indicators) factors influencing service utilization in rural China.MethodsWe employed a multi-level logistic regression model with random intercepts to account for intraregional correlation and fixed effects for individual predictors. A multi-stage stratified random sampling approach was employed across 6 prefectures, yielding a sample of 1118 patients. We initially used descriptive statistics to summarize basic sample characteristics. Univariate analysis was then conducted to identify potential factors associated with endoscopic examination utilization. To further quantify these associations, we applied single-level and multi-level logistic regression model to account for potential regional effects and provide more robust analysis.ResultsOf the 1,118 surveyed patients, 62.3% underwent endoscopic examinations, and among these, 77.9% received services at county-level institutions. In single-level binary logistic regression, region, occupation, household size, history of gastritis/esophagitis, and lesion location emerged as significant predictors (P < 0.05). In the multi-level logistic regression model, region remained a key factor, with the western region exhibiting 0.661 times lower odds (95% CI: 0.392–1.115) and the central region revealing 1.398 times higher odds (95% CI: 1.006–1.943) of service utilization compared to the eastern region. Additionally, unemployed status was associated with a 20% increased likelihood, and smaller household size correlated with a 87% increase in screening uptake.ConclusionsOur findings underscore the importance of addressing regional disparities through targeted resource allocation and localized health education programs to improve endoscopic service uptake among rural populations. These insights can inform policy interventions aimed at early cancer detection and optimized healthcare delivery in resource-limited settings.
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spelling doaj-art-19ffb2278eb34d68bd6c7b7965b168672025-08-20T03:47:04ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2025-06-011510.3389/fonc.2025.15963321596332Regional and patient-level determinants of endoscopic utilization in rural healthcare: a multi-level analysisMuye Ma0Pengfei Li1Zhengyang Lu2Nan Zhang3Suzhen Wang4Youhua Lu5Jinming Yu6School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, ChinaShandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, ChinaShandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaShandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaObjectiveDespite numerous studies on endoscopic services in urban settings, tailored assessments in rural healthcare remain limited, creating a gap in our understanding of resource-constrained environments. To address this gap, this study innovatively applied the Andersen Behavioral Model to systematically quantify endoscopic examination uptake and identify both patient-level (e.g., occupation, health history) and region-level (e.g., infrastructural challenges, socioeconomic indicators) factors influencing service utilization in rural China.MethodsWe employed a multi-level logistic regression model with random intercepts to account for intraregional correlation and fixed effects for individual predictors. A multi-stage stratified random sampling approach was employed across 6 prefectures, yielding a sample of 1118 patients. We initially used descriptive statistics to summarize basic sample characteristics. Univariate analysis was then conducted to identify potential factors associated with endoscopic examination utilization. To further quantify these associations, we applied single-level and multi-level logistic regression model to account for potential regional effects and provide more robust analysis.ResultsOf the 1,118 surveyed patients, 62.3% underwent endoscopic examinations, and among these, 77.9% received services at county-level institutions. In single-level binary logistic regression, region, occupation, household size, history of gastritis/esophagitis, and lesion location emerged as significant predictors (P < 0.05). In the multi-level logistic regression model, region remained a key factor, with the western region exhibiting 0.661 times lower odds (95% CI: 0.392–1.115) and the central region revealing 1.398 times higher odds (95% CI: 1.006–1.943) of service utilization compared to the eastern region. Additionally, unemployed status was associated with a 20% increased likelihood, and smaller household size correlated with a 87% increase in screening uptake.ConclusionsOur findings underscore the importance of addressing regional disparities through targeted resource allocation and localized health education programs to improve endoscopic service uptake among rural populations. These insights can inform policy interventions aimed at early cancer detection and optimized healthcare delivery in resource-limited settings.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1596332/fullrural residentsupper digestive tract cancerprecancerous lesionendoscopic examinationinfluencing factors
spellingShingle Muye Ma
Pengfei Li
Zhengyang Lu
Nan Zhang
Suzhen Wang
Youhua Lu
Jinming Yu
Regional and patient-level determinants of endoscopic utilization in rural healthcare: a multi-level analysis
Frontiers in Oncology
rural residents
upper digestive tract cancer
precancerous lesion
endoscopic examination
influencing factors
title Regional and patient-level determinants of endoscopic utilization in rural healthcare: a multi-level analysis
title_full Regional and patient-level determinants of endoscopic utilization in rural healthcare: a multi-level analysis
title_fullStr Regional and patient-level determinants of endoscopic utilization in rural healthcare: a multi-level analysis
title_full_unstemmed Regional and patient-level determinants of endoscopic utilization in rural healthcare: a multi-level analysis
title_short Regional and patient-level determinants of endoscopic utilization in rural healthcare: a multi-level analysis
title_sort regional and patient level determinants of endoscopic utilization in rural healthcare a multi level analysis
topic rural residents
upper digestive tract cancer
precancerous lesion
endoscopic examination
influencing factors
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1596332/full
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