Comprehensive Insights into Sarcopenia in Dialysis Patients: Mechanisms, Assessment, and Therapeutic Approaches

Comprehensive Insights into Sarcopenia in Dialysis Patients: Mechanisms, Assessment, and Therapeutic Approaches

Sarcopenia, defined as the progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and function, is largely prevalent but still clinically underrecognized among patients undergoing chronic dialysis therapy. The pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, metabolic acidosi...

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Main Authors: Mariateresa Zicarelli, Anila Duni, Konstantinos Leivaditis, Yu-Li Lin, Federica Baciga, Sara Pugliese, Marco Fiorentino, Bang-Gee Hsu, Stefanos Roumeliotis, Yuri Battaglia, Evangelia Dounousi, Davide Bolignano
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Medicina
Subjects:
sarcopenia
end-stage kidney disease
hemodialysis
peritoneal dialysis
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/3/449
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Summary:Sarcopenia, defined as the progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and function, is largely prevalent but still clinically underrecognized among patients undergoing chronic dialysis therapy. The pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, metabolic acidosis, hormonal imbalances, protein waste, malnutrition, and reduced physical activity. This multifactorial condition profoundly impairs quality of life and may lead to significant clinical consequences, including frailty, an increased risk of falls and hospitalization, and elevated mortality. Despite its clinical relevance, sarcopenia often remains underdiagnosed due to inconsistent diagnostic criteria and challenges in assessing body composition in dialysis populations. Therapeutic strategies, including tailored exercise programs, nutritional interventions, and pharmacological treatments, are essential to mitigate muscle loss and improve patient outcomes. Early identification and routine sarcopenia assessment in clinical practice could play a pivotal role in enhancing the management of dialysis patients. A multidisciplinary, personalized approach is necessary to address the diverse factors contributing to sarcopenia and to improve the overall prognosis and quality of life for this vulnerable population.
ISSN:1010-660X
1648-9144

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