Biosynthesis and Characterization of Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles Using <i>Bixa orellana</i> and <i>Nerium oleander</i> Leaf Extracts at Low Temperature and Neutral pH
Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles have been synthesized using alcoholic extracts, at pH = 7 and low temperature (60 °C), from different masses (1.00, 3.00, 5.00, and 7.00 g) of fresh leaves from <i>Nerium oleander</i> and <i>Bixa orellana</i>,...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Crystals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/3/226 |
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| Summary: | Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles have been synthesized using alcoholic extracts, at pH = 7 and low temperature (60 °C), from different masses (1.00, 3.00, 5.00, and 7.00 g) of fresh leaves from <i>Nerium oleander</i> and <i>Bixa orellana</i>, without additional heat treatment. Appropriate techniques were used to identify the secondary metabolites of the extracts and evaluate the structural, optical, and chemical properties of the nanoparticles. The XRD results confirmed the formation of Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles with crystallite size in the 5−8 nm range, with more notable effects on the crystallinity of the nanoparticles obtained with <i>B. orellana</i> extracts. The greatest effect on the bandgap was observed in nanoparticles synthesized with <i>N. oleander</i> extracts. Raman spectra confirmed phonon confinement, and in the PL spectra, emission bands associated with structural defects, such as oxygen vacancies, were observed. In FTIR spectra, the main bands of Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> were identified, whose intensity decreased as the concentration of extract and other bands associated with functional groups of the extract increased. TEM images showed nanoparticles were spherical with 7.81 nm (N1) and 7.94 nm (B1) average diameters. The extract from <i>N. oleander</i> leaves was more appropriate than that from <i>B. orellana</i> for the synthesis of Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles under the conditions used. |
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| ISSN: | 2073-4352 |