Complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine-specific COVID-19 misinformation on social media: A scoping review

Background: The sharing of health-related information has become increasingly popular on social media. Unregulated information sharing has led to the spread of misinformation, especially regarding complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine (CAIM). This scoping review synthesized evidence s...

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Main Authors: Jeremy Y. Ng, Shawn Liu, Ishana Maini, Will Pereira, Holger Cramer, David Moher
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2023-09-01
Series:Integrative Medicine Research
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213422023000549
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author Jeremy Y. Ng
Shawn Liu
Ishana Maini
Will Pereira
Holger Cramer
David Moher
author_facet Jeremy Y. Ng
Shawn Liu
Ishana Maini
Will Pereira
Holger Cramer
David Moher
author_sort Jeremy Y. Ng
collection DOAJ
description Background: The sharing of health-related information has become increasingly popular on social media. Unregulated information sharing has led to the spread of misinformation, especially regarding complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine (CAIM). This scoping review synthesized evidence surrounding the spread of CAIM-related misinformation on social media during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This review was informed by a modified version of the Arksey and O'Malley scoping review framework. AMED, EMBASE, PsycINFO and MEDLINE databases were searched systematically from inception to January 2022. Eligible articles explored COVID-19 misinformation on social media and contained sufficient information on CAIM therapies. Common themes were identified using an inductive thematic analysis approach. Results: Twenty-eight articles were included. The following themes were synthesized: 1) misinformation prompts unsafe and harmful behaviours, 2) misinformation can be separated into different categories, 3) individuals are capable of identifying and refuting CAIM misinformation, and 4) studies argue governments and social media companies have a responsibility to resolve the spread of COVID-19 misinformation. Conclusions: Misinformation can spread more easily when shared on social media. Our review suggests that misinformation about COVID-19 related to CAIM that is disseminated online contributes to unsafe health behaviours, however, this may be remedied via public education initiatives and stricter media guidelines. The results of this scoping review are crucial to understanding the behavioural impacts of the spread of COVID-19 misinformation about CAIM therapies, and can inform the development of public health policies to mitigate these issues.
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spelling doaj-art-19d8bf96907641469c8b51ebf2220d2f2025-08-20T03:55:45ZengElsevierIntegrative Medicine Research2213-42202023-09-0112310097510.1016/j.imr.2023.100975Complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine-specific COVID-19 misinformation on social media: A scoping reviewJeremy Y. Ng0Shawn Liu1Ishana Maini2Will Pereira3Holger Cramer4David Moher5Centre for Journalology, Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Institute of General Practice and Interprofessional Care, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Bosch Health Campus, Stuttgart, Germany; Corresponding author at: Centre for Journalology, Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, PO BOX 201B, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, CanadaInstitute of General Practice and Interprofessional Care, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Bosch Health Campus, Stuttgart, GermanyCentre for Journalology, Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaBackground: The sharing of health-related information has become increasingly popular on social media. Unregulated information sharing has led to the spread of misinformation, especially regarding complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine (CAIM). This scoping review synthesized evidence surrounding the spread of CAIM-related misinformation on social media during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This review was informed by a modified version of the Arksey and O'Malley scoping review framework. AMED, EMBASE, PsycINFO and MEDLINE databases were searched systematically from inception to January 2022. Eligible articles explored COVID-19 misinformation on social media and contained sufficient information on CAIM therapies. Common themes were identified using an inductive thematic analysis approach. Results: Twenty-eight articles were included. The following themes were synthesized: 1) misinformation prompts unsafe and harmful behaviours, 2) misinformation can be separated into different categories, 3) individuals are capable of identifying and refuting CAIM misinformation, and 4) studies argue governments and social media companies have a responsibility to resolve the spread of COVID-19 misinformation. Conclusions: Misinformation can spread more easily when shared on social media. Our review suggests that misinformation about COVID-19 related to CAIM that is disseminated online contributes to unsafe health behaviours, however, this may be remedied via public education initiatives and stricter media guidelines. The results of this scoping review are crucial to understanding the behavioural impacts of the spread of COVID-19 misinformation about CAIM therapies, and can inform the development of public health policies to mitigate these issues.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213422023000549ComplementaryAlternative medicineCOVID-19Integrative medicineMisinformationSocial media
spellingShingle Jeremy Y. Ng
Shawn Liu
Ishana Maini
Will Pereira
Holger Cramer
David Moher
Complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine-specific COVID-19 misinformation on social media: A scoping review
Integrative Medicine Research
Complementary
Alternative medicine
COVID-19
Integrative medicine
Misinformation
Social media
title Complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine-specific COVID-19 misinformation on social media: A scoping review
title_full Complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine-specific COVID-19 misinformation on social media: A scoping review
title_fullStr Complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine-specific COVID-19 misinformation on social media: A scoping review
title_full_unstemmed Complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine-specific COVID-19 misinformation on social media: A scoping review
title_short Complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine-specific COVID-19 misinformation on social media: A scoping review
title_sort complementary alternative and integrative medicine specific covid 19 misinformation on social media a scoping review
topic Complementary
Alternative medicine
COVID-19
Integrative medicine
Misinformation
Social media
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213422023000549
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