Vortex cooled thermoplastic chamber thruster for potential application to polymer based 3D printed space propulsion systems

Abstract Abundant carbon dioxide (CO2) on Mars could serve as a valuable resource for in-situ resource utilization, with its potential conversion into plastics for space manufacturing. This study investigates the feasibility of a vortex-cooled thermoplastic combustion chamber thruster, designed to s...

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Main Authors: Mousa Aqailan, Jeongmoo Huh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15198-z
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author Mousa Aqailan
Jeongmoo Huh
author_facet Mousa Aqailan
Jeongmoo Huh
author_sort Mousa Aqailan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Abundant carbon dioxide (CO2) on Mars could serve as a valuable resource for in-situ resource utilization, with its potential conversion into plastics for space manufacturing. This study investigates the feasibility of a vortex-cooled thermoplastic combustion chamber thruster, designed to support polymer-based 3D-printed propulsion systems for future space missions. A preliminary test was conducted using a thermoplastic combustion chamber thruster featuring cooling capabilities. A swirl type oxidizer injection was implemented within the chamber, where a portion of the oxidizer participated in the combustion reaction, while the remainder flowed along the inner surface of the thermoplastic combustion chamber to provide cooling. This was applied to a 10 N class bipropellant thruster using propane and gaseous oxygen and experimentally tested to determine the viability of forming a stable cooling layer along the chamber wall. Through extensive firing tests, the effects of injection configuration and mass flow rate on vortex cooling performance were investigated. The cooling layers were successfully formed, providing sufficient thermal protection for the plastic chamber, while maintaining a combustion flame in the middle of the chamber at a temperature exceeding the ignition point of the chamber material. The thruster propulsion performance in terms of a characteristic velocity efficiency was greater than approximately 80% in each test, with different injection configurations considered. These preliminary results suggest possible applications of vortex cooling in polymer-based 3D-printed propulsion systems, potentially advancing additive manufacturing technologies for sustainable and adaptable space propulsion.
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spelling doaj-art-19d88bc8ea9440378e64366177e0cf232025-08-20T03:42:25ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111810.1038/s41598-025-15198-zVortex cooled thermoplastic chamber thruster for potential application to polymer based 3D printed space propulsion systemsMousa Aqailan0Jeongmoo Huh1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates UniversityDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates UniversityAbstract Abundant carbon dioxide (CO2) on Mars could serve as a valuable resource for in-situ resource utilization, with its potential conversion into plastics for space manufacturing. This study investigates the feasibility of a vortex-cooled thermoplastic combustion chamber thruster, designed to support polymer-based 3D-printed propulsion systems for future space missions. A preliminary test was conducted using a thermoplastic combustion chamber thruster featuring cooling capabilities. A swirl type oxidizer injection was implemented within the chamber, where a portion of the oxidizer participated in the combustion reaction, while the remainder flowed along the inner surface of the thermoplastic combustion chamber to provide cooling. This was applied to a 10 N class bipropellant thruster using propane and gaseous oxygen and experimentally tested to determine the viability of forming a stable cooling layer along the chamber wall. Through extensive firing tests, the effects of injection configuration and mass flow rate on vortex cooling performance were investigated. The cooling layers were successfully formed, providing sufficient thermal protection for the plastic chamber, while maintaining a combustion flame in the middle of the chamber at a temperature exceeding the ignition point of the chamber material. The thruster propulsion performance in terms of a characteristic velocity efficiency was greater than approximately 80% in each test, with different injection configurations considered. These preliminary results suggest possible applications of vortex cooling in polymer-based 3D-printed propulsion systems, potentially advancing additive manufacturing technologies for sustainable and adaptable space propulsion.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15198-zVortex coolingThermoplastic chamberBipropellant thrusterPropaneOxygen
spellingShingle Mousa Aqailan
Jeongmoo Huh
Vortex cooled thermoplastic chamber thruster for potential application to polymer based 3D printed space propulsion systems
Scientific Reports
Vortex cooling
Thermoplastic chamber
Bipropellant thruster
Propane
Oxygen
title Vortex cooled thermoplastic chamber thruster for potential application to polymer based 3D printed space propulsion systems
title_full Vortex cooled thermoplastic chamber thruster for potential application to polymer based 3D printed space propulsion systems
title_fullStr Vortex cooled thermoplastic chamber thruster for potential application to polymer based 3D printed space propulsion systems
title_full_unstemmed Vortex cooled thermoplastic chamber thruster for potential application to polymer based 3D printed space propulsion systems
title_short Vortex cooled thermoplastic chamber thruster for potential application to polymer based 3D printed space propulsion systems
title_sort vortex cooled thermoplastic chamber thruster for potential application to polymer based 3d printed space propulsion systems
topic Vortex cooling
Thermoplastic chamber
Bipropellant thruster
Propane
Oxygen
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15198-z
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AT jeongmoohuh vortexcooledthermoplasticchamberthrusterforpotentialapplicationtopolymerbased3dprintedspacepropulsionsystems