Improved Precipitation Diurnal Cycle in GFDL Climate Models With Non‐Equilibrium Convection

Abstract Most global climate models with convective parameterization have trouble in simulating the observed diurnal cycle of convection. Maximum precipitation usually happens too early during summertime, especially over land. Observational analyses indicate that deep convection over land cannot kee...

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Main Authors: Bosong Zhang, Leo J. Donner, Ming Zhao, Zhihong Tan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Geophysical Union (AGU) 2024-09-01
Series:Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004315
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author Bosong Zhang
Leo J. Donner
Ming Zhao
Zhihong Tan
author_facet Bosong Zhang
Leo J. Donner
Ming Zhao
Zhihong Tan
author_sort Bosong Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Most global climate models with convective parameterization have trouble in simulating the observed diurnal cycle of convection. Maximum precipitation usually happens too early during summertime, especially over land. Observational analyses indicate that deep convection over land cannot keep pace with rapid variations in convective available potential energy, which is largely controlled by boundary‐layer forcing. In this study, a new convective closure in which shallow and deep convection interact strongly, out of equilibrium, is implemented in atmosphere‐only and ocean‐atmosphere coupled models. The diurnal cycles of convection in both simulations are significantly improved with small changes to their mean states. The new closure shifts maximum precipitation over land later by about three hours. Compared to satellite observations, the diurnal phase biases are reduced by half. Shallow convection to some extent equilibrates rapid changes in the boundary layer at subdiurnal time scales. Relaxed quasi‐equilibrium for convective available potential energy holds in significant measure as a result. Future model improvement will focus on the remaining biases in the diurnal cycle, which may be further reduced by including stochastic entrainment and cold pools.
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institution OA Journals
issn 1942-2466
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publishDate 2024-09-01
publisher American Geophysical Union (AGU)
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spelling doaj-art-19cf9c3d67664a4299ea5c30e710281e2025-08-20T01:55:12ZengAmerican Geophysical Union (AGU)Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems1942-24662024-09-01169n/an/a10.1029/2024MS004315Improved Precipitation Diurnal Cycle in GFDL Climate Models With Non‐Equilibrium ConvectionBosong Zhang0Leo J. Donner1Ming Zhao2Zhihong Tan3Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Princeton University Princeton NJ USANOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Princeton NJ USANOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Princeton NJ USAProgram in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Princeton University Princeton NJ USAAbstract Most global climate models with convective parameterization have trouble in simulating the observed diurnal cycle of convection. Maximum precipitation usually happens too early during summertime, especially over land. Observational analyses indicate that deep convection over land cannot keep pace with rapid variations in convective available potential energy, which is largely controlled by boundary‐layer forcing. In this study, a new convective closure in which shallow and deep convection interact strongly, out of equilibrium, is implemented in atmosphere‐only and ocean‐atmosphere coupled models. The diurnal cycles of convection in both simulations are significantly improved with small changes to their mean states. The new closure shifts maximum precipitation over land later by about three hours. Compared to satellite observations, the diurnal phase biases are reduced by half. Shallow convection to some extent equilibrates rapid changes in the boundary layer at subdiurnal time scales. Relaxed quasi‐equilibrium for convective available potential energy holds in significant measure as a result. Future model improvement will focus on the remaining biases in the diurnal cycle, which may be further reduced by including stochastic entrainment and cold pools.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004315deep convectionshallow convectiondiurnal cycle of precipitation
spellingShingle Bosong Zhang
Leo J. Donner
Ming Zhao
Zhihong Tan
Improved Precipitation Diurnal Cycle in GFDL Climate Models With Non‐Equilibrium Convection
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
deep convection
shallow convection
diurnal cycle of precipitation
title Improved Precipitation Diurnal Cycle in GFDL Climate Models With Non‐Equilibrium Convection
title_full Improved Precipitation Diurnal Cycle in GFDL Climate Models With Non‐Equilibrium Convection
title_fullStr Improved Precipitation Diurnal Cycle in GFDL Climate Models With Non‐Equilibrium Convection
title_full_unstemmed Improved Precipitation Diurnal Cycle in GFDL Climate Models With Non‐Equilibrium Convection
title_short Improved Precipitation Diurnal Cycle in GFDL Climate Models With Non‐Equilibrium Convection
title_sort improved precipitation diurnal cycle in gfdl climate models with non equilibrium convection
topic deep convection
shallow convection
diurnal cycle of precipitation
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004315
work_keys_str_mv AT bosongzhang improvedprecipitationdiurnalcycleingfdlclimatemodelswithnonequilibriumconvection
AT leojdonner improvedprecipitationdiurnalcycleingfdlclimatemodelswithnonequilibriumconvection
AT mingzhao improvedprecipitationdiurnalcycleingfdlclimatemodelswithnonequilibriumconvection
AT zhihongtan improvedprecipitationdiurnalcycleingfdlclimatemodelswithnonequilibriumconvection