How GeoAI Improves Tourist Beach Environments: Micro-Scale UAV Detection and Spatial Analysis of Marine Debris

With coastal tourism depending on clean beaches and litter surveys remaining manual, sparse, and costly, this study coupled centimeter-resolution UAV imagery with a Grid R-CNN detector to automate debris mapping on five beaches of Wonsan Island, Korea. Thirty-one Phantom 4 flights (0.83 cm GSD) prod...

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Main Authors: Junho Ser, Byungyun Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Land
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/7/1349
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author Junho Ser
Byungyun Yang
author_facet Junho Ser
Byungyun Yang
author_sort Junho Ser
collection DOAJ
description With coastal tourism depending on clean beaches and litter surveys remaining manual, sparse, and costly, this study coupled centimeter-resolution UAV imagery with a Grid R-CNN detector to automate debris mapping on five beaches of Wonsan Island, Korea. Thirty-one Phantom 4 flights (0.83 cm GSD) produced 31,841 orthoimages, while 11 debris classes from the AI Hub dataset trained the model. The network reached 74.9% <i>mAP</i> and 78%/84.7% precision–recall while processing 2.87 images s<sup>−1</sup> on a single RTX 3060 Ti, enabling a 6 km shoreline to be surveyed in under one hour. Georeferenced detections aggregated to 25 m grids showed that 57% of high-density cells lay within 100 m of the beach entrances or landward edges, and 86% within 200 m. These micro-patterns, which are difficult to detect in meter-scale imagery, suggest that entrance-focused cleanup strategies could reduce annual maintenance costs by approximately one-fifth. This highlights the potential of centimeter-scale GeoAI in supporting sustainable beach management.
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spelling doaj-art-19cb24e6d94a47d895e8f8e7b00628dd2025-08-20T02:45:56ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2025-06-01147134910.3390/land14071349How GeoAI Improves Tourist Beach Environments: Micro-Scale UAV Detection and Spatial Analysis of Marine DebrisJunho Ser0Byungyun Yang1Geospatial Science Lab, Dongguk University—Seoul Campus, 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Geography Education, Dongguk University—Seoul Campus, 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of KoreaWith coastal tourism depending on clean beaches and litter surveys remaining manual, sparse, and costly, this study coupled centimeter-resolution UAV imagery with a Grid R-CNN detector to automate debris mapping on five beaches of Wonsan Island, Korea. Thirty-one Phantom 4 flights (0.83 cm GSD) produced 31,841 orthoimages, while 11 debris classes from the AI Hub dataset trained the model. The network reached 74.9% <i>mAP</i> and 78%/84.7% precision–recall while processing 2.87 images s<sup>−1</sup> on a single RTX 3060 Ti, enabling a 6 km shoreline to be surveyed in under one hour. Georeferenced detections aggregated to 25 m grids showed that 57% of high-density cells lay within 100 m of the beach entrances or landward edges, and 86% within 200 m. These micro-patterns, which are difficult to detect in meter-scale imagery, suggest that entrance-focused cleanup strategies could reduce annual maintenance costs by approximately one-fifth. This highlights the potential of centimeter-scale GeoAI in supporting sustainable beach management.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/7/1349GeoAImarine debrisUAV imageryobject detectioncoastal tourismbeach management
spellingShingle Junho Ser
Byungyun Yang
How GeoAI Improves Tourist Beach Environments: Micro-Scale UAV Detection and Spatial Analysis of Marine Debris
Land
GeoAI
marine debris
UAV imagery
object detection
coastal tourism
beach management
title How GeoAI Improves Tourist Beach Environments: Micro-Scale UAV Detection and Spatial Analysis of Marine Debris
title_full How GeoAI Improves Tourist Beach Environments: Micro-Scale UAV Detection and Spatial Analysis of Marine Debris
title_fullStr How GeoAI Improves Tourist Beach Environments: Micro-Scale UAV Detection and Spatial Analysis of Marine Debris
title_full_unstemmed How GeoAI Improves Tourist Beach Environments: Micro-Scale UAV Detection and Spatial Analysis of Marine Debris
title_short How GeoAI Improves Tourist Beach Environments: Micro-Scale UAV Detection and Spatial Analysis of Marine Debris
title_sort how geoai improves tourist beach environments micro scale uav detection and spatial analysis of marine debris
topic GeoAI
marine debris
UAV imagery
object detection
coastal tourism
beach management
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/7/1349
work_keys_str_mv AT junhoser howgeoaiimprovestouristbeachenvironmentsmicroscaleuavdetectionandspatialanalysisofmarinedebris
AT byungyunyang howgeoaiimprovestouristbeachenvironmentsmicroscaleuavdetectionandspatialanalysisofmarinedebris