Deformation Monitoring Systems for Hydroturbine Head-Cover Fastening Bolts in Hydroelectric Power Plants

This study investigates the reliability of Francis turbines and highlights the critical need for an improved deformation monitoring system for bolts that fasten a hydroturbine head-cover to its casing. During different operational stages of the hydraulic unit, such as start-up, partial load, and ful...

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Main Authors: Eddy Yujra Rivas, Alexander Vyacheslavov, Kirill V. Gogolinskiy, Kseniia Sapozhnikova, Roald Taymanov
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/8/2548
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author Eddy Yujra Rivas
Alexander Vyacheslavov
Kirill V. Gogolinskiy
Kseniia Sapozhnikova
Roald Taymanov
author_facet Eddy Yujra Rivas
Alexander Vyacheslavov
Kirill V. Gogolinskiy
Kseniia Sapozhnikova
Roald Taymanov
author_sort Eddy Yujra Rivas
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates the reliability of Francis turbines and highlights the critical need for an improved deformation monitoring system for bolts that fasten a hydroturbine head-cover to its casing. During different operational stages of the hydraulic unit, such as start-up, partial load, and full load, the hydroturbine head-cover and its fastening bolts are subjected to static and cyclic loads. The loads generate vibrations and different deformations that must be monitored. Although various measuring instruments, such as vibration sensors and accelerometers, have been developed to monitor hydroturbine vibrations, only two systems—KM-Delta-8-CM and PTK KM-Delta—are currently applied to measure fastening bolt deformation. Furthermore, only one system, SKDS-SISH, was found to monitor the forces inducing this deformation. After analysis, it is evident that the described systems for monitoring the deformation of the fastening bolts do not guarantee the trustworthiness of the measuring sensors and there is a need for their improvement. The implementation of a self-checking function (including metrological features), the development of a digital twin of the sensor, and the application of technologies based on artificial intelligence could solve this problem.
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institution DOAJ
issn 1424-8220
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Sensors
spelling doaj-art-19be8daccdd6435d91deabcd8925625a2025-08-20T03:13:49ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-04-01258254810.3390/s25082548Deformation Monitoring Systems for Hydroturbine Head-Cover Fastening Bolts in Hydroelectric Power PlantsEddy Yujra Rivas0Alexander Vyacheslavov1Kirill V. Gogolinskiy2Kseniia Sapozhnikova3Roald Taymanov4Department of Metrology, Instrumentation and Quality Management, Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg 199106, RussiaDepartment of Metrology, Instrumentation and Quality Management, Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg 199106, RussiaMaterials Science Department, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina 188300, RussiaLaboratory for Metrological Maintenance of Computerized Sensors and Measuring Systems, D. I. Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology, Saint Petersburg 199005, RussiaLaboratory for Metrological Maintenance of Computerized Sensors and Measuring Systems, D. I. Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology, Saint Petersburg 199005, RussiaThis study investigates the reliability of Francis turbines and highlights the critical need for an improved deformation monitoring system for bolts that fasten a hydroturbine head-cover to its casing. During different operational stages of the hydraulic unit, such as start-up, partial load, and full load, the hydroturbine head-cover and its fastening bolts are subjected to static and cyclic loads. The loads generate vibrations and different deformations that must be monitored. Although various measuring instruments, such as vibration sensors and accelerometers, have been developed to monitor hydroturbine vibrations, only two systems—KM-Delta-8-CM and PTK KM-Delta—are currently applied to measure fastening bolt deformation. Furthermore, only one system, SKDS-SISH, was found to monitor the forces inducing this deformation. After analysis, it is evident that the described systems for monitoring the deformation of the fastening bolts do not guarantee the trustworthiness of the measuring sensors and there is a need for their improvement. The implementation of a self-checking function (including metrological features), the development of a digital twin of the sensor, and the application of technologies based on artificial intelligence could solve this problem.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/8/2548Francis turbinevibrationdeformationfastening boltsmonitoring system
spellingShingle Eddy Yujra Rivas
Alexander Vyacheslavov
Kirill V. Gogolinskiy
Kseniia Sapozhnikova
Roald Taymanov
Deformation Monitoring Systems for Hydroturbine Head-Cover Fastening Bolts in Hydroelectric Power Plants
Sensors
Francis turbine
vibration
deformation
fastening bolts
monitoring system
title Deformation Monitoring Systems for Hydroturbine Head-Cover Fastening Bolts in Hydroelectric Power Plants
title_full Deformation Monitoring Systems for Hydroturbine Head-Cover Fastening Bolts in Hydroelectric Power Plants
title_fullStr Deformation Monitoring Systems for Hydroturbine Head-Cover Fastening Bolts in Hydroelectric Power Plants
title_full_unstemmed Deformation Monitoring Systems for Hydroturbine Head-Cover Fastening Bolts in Hydroelectric Power Plants
title_short Deformation Monitoring Systems for Hydroturbine Head-Cover Fastening Bolts in Hydroelectric Power Plants
title_sort deformation monitoring systems for hydroturbine head cover fastening bolts in hydroelectric power plants
topic Francis turbine
vibration
deformation
fastening bolts
monitoring system
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/8/2548
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AT alexandervyacheslavov deformationmonitoringsystemsforhydroturbineheadcoverfasteningboltsinhydroelectricpowerplants
AT kirillvgogolinskiy deformationmonitoringsystemsforhydroturbineheadcoverfasteningboltsinhydroelectricpowerplants
AT kseniiasapozhnikova deformationmonitoringsystemsforhydroturbineheadcoverfasteningboltsinhydroelectricpowerplants
AT roaldtaymanov deformationmonitoringsystemsforhydroturbineheadcoverfasteningboltsinhydroelectricpowerplants