GRAiCE: reconstructing terrestrial water storage anomalies with recurrent neural networks

Abstract The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and its follow-on (GRACE-FO) missions have provided estimates of Terrestrial Water Storage Anomalies (TWSA) since 2002, enabling the monitoring of global hydrological changes. However, temporal gaps within these datasets and the lack of TW...

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Main Authors: Irene Palazzoli, Serena Ceola, Pierre Gentine
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-01-01
Series:Scientific Data
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04403-3
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author Irene Palazzoli
Serena Ceola
Pierre Gentine
author_facet Irene Palazzoli
Serena Ceola
Pierre Gentine
author_sort Irene Palazzoli
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and its follow-on (GRACE-FO) missions have provided estimates of Terrestrial Water Storage Anomalies (TWSA) since 2002, enabling the monitoring of global hydrological changes. However, temporal gaps within these datasets and the lack of TWSA observations prior to 2002 limit our understanding of long-term freshwater variability. In this study, we develop GRAiCE, a set of four global monthly TWSA reconstructions from 1984 to 2021 at 0.5° spatial resolution, using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) neural networks. Our models accurately reproduce GRACE/GRACE-FO observations at the global scale and effectively capture the impacts of climate extremes. Overall, GRAiCE outperforms a previous reference TWSA reconstruction in predicting observed TWSA and provides reliable water budget estimates at the river basin scale. By generating long-term continuous TWSA time series, GRAiCE will offer valuable insights into the impacts of climate variability and change on freshwater resources.
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spelling doaj-art-19baaf08518a4d95aa61e4be30d88fb62025-01-26T12:14:55ZengNature PortfolioScientific Data2052-44632025-01-0112111310.1038/s41597-025-04403-3GRAiCE: reconstructing terrestrial water storage anomalies with recurrent neural networksIrene Palazzoli0Serena Ceola1Pierre Gentine2Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di BolognaDepartment of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di BolognaDepartment of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia UniversityAbstract The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and its follow-on (GRACE-FO) missions have provided estimates of Terrestrial Water Storage Anomalies (TWSA) since 2002, enabling the monitoring of global hydrological changes. However, temporal gaps within these datasets and the lack of TWSA observations prior to 2002 limit our understanding of long-term freshwater variability. In this study, we develop GRAiCE, a set of four global monthly TWSA reconstructions from 1984 to 2021 at 0.5° spatial resolution, using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) neural networks. Our models accurately reproduce GRACE/GRACE-FO observations at the global scale and effectively capture the impacts of climate extremes. Overall, GRAiCE outperforms a previous reference TWSA reconstruction in predicting observed TWSA and provides reliable water budget estimates at the river basin scale. By generating long-term continuous TWSA time series, GRAiCE will offer valuable insights into the impacts of climate variability and change on freshwater resources.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04403-3
spellingShingle Irene Palazzoli
Serena Ceola
Pierre Gentine
GRAiCE: reconstructing terrestrial water storage anomalies with recurrent neural networks
Scientific Data
title GRAiCE: reconstructing terrestrial water storage anomalies with recurrent neural networks
title_full GRAiCE: reconstructing terrestrial water storage anomalies with recurrent neural networks
title_fullStr GRAiCE: reconstructing terrestrial water storage anomalies with recurrent neural networks
title_full_unstemmed GRAiCE: reconstructing terrestrial water storage anomalies with recurrent neural networks
title_short GRAiCE: reconstructing terrestrial water storage anomalies with recurrent neural networks
title_sort graice reconstructing terrestrial water storage anomalies with recurrent neural networks
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04403-3
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AT serenaceola graicereconstructingterrestrialwaterstorageanomalieswithrecurrentneuralnetworks
AT pierregentine graicereconstructingterrestrialwaterstorageanomalieswithrecurrentneuralnetworks