Exploring temporal activity of dholes, their prey, and competitors in East Java, Indonesia

Abstract Dholes (Cuon alpinus) are endangered large carnivores found in scattered populations in Asia. One of the main threats to dholes is the decreasing prey availability throughout their distribution range. In the present study, we used camera trap data collected over 6 years to investigate the t...

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Main Authors: Linnea Worsøe Havmøller, Hariyawan Agung Wahyudi, Mochammad Iqbal, Ventie Angelia Nawangsari, Johan Setiawan, Desy Satya Chandradewi, Peter Rask Møller, Carl Træholt, Rasmus Worsøe Havmøller
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-07-01
Series:Ecology and Evolution
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.11666
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author Linnea Worsøe Havmøller
Hariyawan Agung Wahyudi
Mochammad Iqbal
Ventie Angelia Nawangsari
Johan Setiawan
Desy Satya Chandradewi
Peter Rask Møller
Carl Træholt
Rasmus Worsøe Havmøller
author_facet Linnea Worsøe Havmøller
Hariyawan Agung Wahyudi
Mochammad Iqbal
Ventie Angelia Nawangsari
Johan Setiawan
Desy Satya Chandradewi
Peter Rask Møller
Carl Træholt
Rasmus Worsøe Havmøller
author_sort Linnea Worsøe Havmøller
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Dholes (Cuon alpinus) are endangered large carnivores found in scattered populations in Asia. One of the main threats to dholes is the decreasing prey availability throughout their distribution range. In the present study, we used camera trap data collected over 6 years to investigate the temporal activity patterns of dholes and their putative prey species in Baluran National Park in Java, Indonesia. We also explored the overlap in activity between dholes and the park's other remaining large carnivore the Javan leopard (Panthera pardus melas), as well as humans. Furthermore, we investigated potential differences in activity patterns between dholes in packs and dholes roaming in pairs or alone. We found a high temporal overlap between dholes and their wild ungulate prey species (ranging from Δ = 0.66–0.90), with the lowest overlap observed between dholes and bantengs (Bos javanicus) (Δ = 0.66), and the highest between dholes and muntjacs (Muntiacus muntjak) (Δ = 0.90). A very low overlap was found between dholes and domestic cattle (Bos indicus) (Δ = 0.27) whereas a moderately high overlap was found between dholes and leopards (Δ = 0.70) and dholes and humans (Δ = 0.62). We found a significant difference in activity patterns between dholes in packs and dholes roaming alone or in pairs (Δ = 0.78, p = .01). Single/pairs of dholes were more active both during the day and at night, whereas packs were predominantly active around sunrise and sunset. The high overlap with humans potentially has a negative effect on dhole activity, particularly for dispersing individuals, and the low overlap with domestic species questions the extent to which dholes are considered to predate on them.
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spelling doaj-art-19b7ebc9b54f4108b27031f07ccc5ffd2025-08-20T03:15:20ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582024-07-01147n/an/a10.1002/ece3.11666Exploring temporal activity of dholes, their prey, and competitors in East Java, IndonesiaLinnea Worsøe Havmøller0Hariyawan Agung Wahyudi1Mochammad Iqbal2Ventie Angelia Nawangsari3Johan Setiawan4Desy Satya Chandradewi5Peter Rask Møller6Carl Træholt7Rasmus Worsøe Havmøller8Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Copenhagen DenmarkCopenhagen Zoo Baluran Programme, JI Raya Banyuwangi‐Situbondo Desa Wonorejo IndonesiaBaluran National Park, JI Raya Banyuwangi‐Situbondo Desa Wonorejo IndonesiaCopenhagen Zoo Baluran Programme, JI Raya Banyuwangi‐Situbondo Desa Wonorejo IndonesiaBaluran National Park, JI Raya Banyuwangi‐Situbondo Desa Wonorejo IndonesiaDirectorate of Biodiversity Conservation of Species and Genetics Jakarta IndonesiaNatural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Copenhagen DenmarkResearch and Conservation, Copenhagen Zoo Frederiksberg DenmarkNatural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Copenhagen DenmarkAbstract Dholes (Cuon alpinus) are endangered large carnivores found in scattered populations in Asia. One of the main threats to dholes is the decreasing prey availability throughout their distribution range. In the present study, we used camera trap data collected over 6 years to investigate the temporal activity patterns of dholes and their putative prey species in Baluran National Park in Java, Indonesia. We also explored the overlap in activity between dholes and the park's other remaining large carnivore the Javan leopard (Panthera pardus melas), as well as humans. Furthermore, we investigated potential differences in activity patterns between dholes in packs and dholes roaming in pairs or alone. We found a high temporal overlap between dholes and their wild ungulate prey species (ranging from Δ = 0.66–0.90), with the lowest overlap observed between dholes and bantengs (Bos javanicus) (Δ = 0.66), and the highest between dholes and muntjacs (Muntiacus muntjak) (Δ = 0.90). A very low overlap was found between dholes and domestic cattle (Bos indicus) (Δ = 0.27) whereas a moderately high overlap was found between dholes and leopards (Δ = 0.70) and dholes and humans (Δ = 0.62). We found a significant difference in activity patterns between dholes in packs and dholes roaming alone or in pairs (Δ = 0.78, p = .01). Single/pairs of dholes were more active both during the day and at night, whereas packs were predominantly active around sunrise and sunset. The high overlap with humans potentially has a negative effect on dhole activity, particularly for dispersing individuals, and the low overlap with domestic species questions the extent to which dholes are considered to predate on them.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.11666Baluran national parkcamera trapCuon alpinusPanthera pardusSoutheast Asia
spellingShingle Linnea Worsøe Havmøller
Hariyawan Agung Wahyudi
Mochammad Iqbal
Ventie Angelia Nawangsari
Johan Setiawan
Desy Satya Chandradewi
Peter Rask Møller
Carl Træholt
Rasmus Worsøe Havmøller
Exploring temporal activity of dholes, their prey, and competitors in East Java, Indonesia
Ecology and Evolution
Baluran national park
camera trap
Cuon alpinus
Panthera pardus
Southeast Asia
title Exploring temporal activity of dholes, their prey, and competitors in East Java, Indonesia
title_full Exploring temporal activity of dholes, their prey, and competitors in East Java, Indonesia
title_fullStr Exploring temporal activity of dholes, their prey, and competitors in East Java, Indonesia
title_full_unstemmed Exploring temporal activity of dholes, their prey, and competitors in East Java, Indonesia
title_short Exploring temporal activity of dholes, their prey, and competitors in East Java, Indonesia
title_sort exploring temporal activity of dholes their prey and competitors in east java indonesia
topic Baluran national park
camera trap
Cuon alpinus
Panthera pardus
Southeast Asia
url https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.11666
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