A Layout-Based Method for Analog Fault Injection in the Context of Functional Safety

Digital and analog circuits are fundamental components embedded across a wide range of applications, including but not limited to consumer electronics, automotive systems, aerospace technologies, medical instrumentation, and industrial automation. The critical role they play in ensuring the function...

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Main Authors: Raffi Der Yeghiayan, Paolo Vilmercati, Giancarlo Storti Gajani, Gianluca D'Alesio
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11071309/
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author Raffi Der Yeghiayan
Paolo Vilmercati
Giancarlo Storti Gajani
Gianluca D'Alesio
author_facet Raffi Der Yeghiayan
Paolo Vilmercati
Giancarlo Storti Gajani
Gianluca D'Alesio
author_sort Raffi Der Yeghiayan
collection DOAJ
description Digital and analog circuits are fundamental components embedded across a wide range of applications, including but not limited to consumer electronics, automotive systems, aerospace technologies, medical instrumentation, and industrial automation. The critical role they play in ensuring the functionality and efficiency of modern technological systems introduces significant risks, as failures or defects can lead to catastrophic consequences. This work focuses on analog fault injection for automotive applications. ISO 26262 serves as the global standard for functional safety in automotive circuits, identifying fault injection as a fundamental approach to assess safety metrics and validate this category of circuits. Although fault injection is a well-known and widely adopted strategy in the digital domain, its usage is less widespread in analog circuits. The purpose of this work is to propose a layout-based method for analog circuits, where parasitic components in the post-layout extracted schematics are used as indicators to assign the likelihood of fault occurrence that may affect the functionality of circuits and impact the safety of the application. Moreover, the proposed approach leverages simulations to enable a quantitative assessment of the diagnostic coverage achieved by the implemented safety mechanisms. Although the results show a Diagnostic Coverage of 91.82%, which falls short of the assumed 99% by ISO 26262, the method provides valuable insights into identifying critical architecture or layout patterns that can be improved to achieve better safety metrics while maintaining electrical performance.
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id doaj-art-19b2f698928a4f9e8eb43bd0fd4af6bf
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issn 2169-3536
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publishDate 2025-01-01
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spelling doaj-art-19b2f698928a4f9e8eb43bd0fd4af6bf2025-08-20T02:45:28ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-011311983111984110.1109/ACCESS.2025.358563611071309A Layout-Based Method for Analog Fault Injection in the Context of Functional SafetyRaffi Der Yeghiayan0https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4952-7591Paolo Vilmercati1Giancarlo Storti Gajani2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8182-7891Gianluca D'Alesio3STMicroelectronics, Cornaredo, ItalySTMicroelectronics, Cornaredo, ItalyDipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, ItalySTMicroelectronics, Cornaredo, ItalyDigital and analog circuits are fundamental components embedded across a wide range of applications, including but not limited to consumer electronics, automotive systems, aerospace technologies, medical instrumentation, and industrial automation. The critical role they play in ensuring the functionality and efficiency of modern technological systems introduces significant risks, as failures or defects can lead to catastrophic consequences. This work focuses on analog fault injection for automotive applications. ISO 26262 serves as the global standard for functional safety in automotive circuits, identifying fault injection as a fundamental approach to assess safety metrics and validate this category of circuits. Although fault injection is a well-known and widely adopted strategy in the digital domain, its usage is less widespread in analog circuits. The purpose of this work is to propose a layout-based method for analog circuits, where parasitic components in the post-layout extracted schematics are used as indicators to assign the likelihood of fault occurrence that may affect the functionality of circuits and impact the safety of the application. Moreover, the proposed approach leverages simulations to enable a quantitative assessment of the diagnostic coverage achieved by the implemented safety mechanisms. Although the results show a Diagnostic Coverage of 91.82%, which falls short of the assumed 99% by ISO 26262, the method provides valuable insights into identifying critical architecture or layout patterns that can be improved to achieve better safety metrics while maintaining electrical performance.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11071309/Analog fault injectionanalog circuit robustnessautomotive safetyfunctional safetyISO 26262road vehicle safety
spellingShingle Raffi Der Yeghiayan
Paolo Vilmercati
Giancarlo Storti Gajani
Gianluca D'Alesio
A Layout-Based Method for Analog Fault Injection in the Context of Functional Safety
IEEE Access
Analog fault injection
analog circuit robustness
automotive safety
functional safety
ISO 26262
road vehicle safety
title A Layout-Based Method for Analog Fault Injection in the Context of Functional Safety
title_full A Layout-Based Method for Analog Fault Injection in the Context of Functional Safety
title_fullStr A Layout-Based Method for Analog Fault Injection in the Context of Functional Safety
title_full_unstemmed A Layout-Based Method for Analog Fault Injection in the Context of Functional Safety
title_short A Layout-Based Method for Analog Fault Injection in the Context of Functional Safety
title_sort layout based method for analog fault injection in the context of functional safety
topic Analog fault injection
analog circuit robustness
automotive safety
functional safety
ISO 26262
road vehicle safety
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11071309/
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