Polycaprolactone for Hard Tissue Regeneration: Scaffold Design and In Vivo Implications
In the last thirty years, tissue engineering (TI) has emerged as an alternative method to regenerate tissues and organs and restore their function by implanting specific lineage cells, growth factors, or biomolecules functionalizing a matrix scaffold. Recently, several pathologies have led to bone l...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Bioengineering |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/1/46 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832589027556982784 |
|---|---|
| author | Fernanda Ramírez-Ruiz Israel Núñez-Tapia María Cristina Piña-Barba Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez Vincenzo Guarino Janeth Serrano-Bello |
| author_facet | Fernanda Ramírez-Ruiz Israel Núñez-Tapia María Cristina Piña-Barba Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez Vincenzo Guarino Janeth Serrano-Bello |
| author_sort | Fernanda Ramírez-Ruiz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the last thirty years, tissue engineering (TI) has emerged as an alternative method to regenerate tissues and organs and restore their function by implanting specific lineage cells, growth factors, or biomolecules functionalizing a matrix scaffold. Recently, several pathologies have led to bone loss or damage, such as malformations, bone resorption associated with benign or malignant tumors, periodontal disease, traumas, and others in which a discontinuity in tissue integrity is observed. Bone tissue is characterized by different stiffness, mechanical traction, and compression resistance as a function of the different compartments, which can influence susceptibility to injury or destruction. For this reason, research into repairing bone defects began several years ago to find a scaffold to improve bone regeneration. Different techniques can be used to manufacture 3D scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration based on optimizing reproducible scaffolds with a controlled hierarchical porous structure like the extracellular matrix of bone. Additionally, the scaffolds synthesized can facilitate the inclusion of bone or mesenchymal stem cells with growth factors that improve bone osteogenesis, recruiting new cells for the neighborhood to generate an optimal environment for tissue regeneration. In this review, current state-of-the-art scaffold manufacturing based on the use of polycaprolactone (PCL) as a biomaterial for bone tissue regeneration will be described by reporting relevant studies focusing on processing techniques, from traditional—i.e., freeze casting, thermally induced phase separation, gas foaming, solvent casting, and particle leaching—to more recent approaches, such as 3D additive manufacturing (i.e., 3D printing/bioprinting, electrofluid dynamics/electrospinning), as well as integrated techniques. As a function of the used technique, this work aims to offer a comprehensive overview of the benefits/limitations of PCL-based scaffolds in order to establish a relationship between scaffold composition, namely integration of other biomaterial phases’ structural properties (i.e., pore morphology and mechanical properties) and in vivo response. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-19a3914a0ecc49d8a6969a1bfc5f1d97 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2306-5354 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bioengineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-19a3914a0ecc49d8a6969a1bfc5f1d972025-01-24T13:23:04ZengMDPI AGBioengineering2306-53542025-01-011214610.3390/bioengineering12010046Polycaprolactone for Hard Tissue Regeneration: Scaffold Design and In Vivo ImplicationsFernanda Ramírez-Ruiz0Israel Núñez-Tapia1María Cristina Piña-Barba2Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez3Vincenzo Guarino4Janeth Serrano-Bello5Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Division of Graduate Studies and Research, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Circuito Exterior s/n, University City, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, MexicoMaterials Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Circuito Exterior s/n, University City, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, MexicoMaterials Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Circuito Exterior s/n, University City, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, MexicoTissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Division of Graduate Studies and Research, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Circuito Exterior s/n, University City, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, MexicoInstitute of Polymers, Composite and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d’Oltremare, Pad 20, V.le J.F.Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, ItalyTissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Division of Graduate Studies and Research, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Circuito Exterior s/n, University City, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, MexicoIn the last thirty years, tissue engineering (TI) has emerged as an alternative method to regenerate tissues and organs and restore their function by implanting specific lineage cells, growth factors, or biomolecules functionalizing a matrix scaffold. Recently, several pathologies have led to bone loss or damage, such as malformations, bone resorption associated with benign or malignant tumors, periodontal disease, traumas, and others in which a discontinuity in tissue integrity is observed. Bone tissue is characterized by different stiffness, mechanical traction, and compression resistance as a function of the different compartments, which can influence susceptibility to injury or destruction. For this reason, research into repairing bone defects began several years ago to find a scaffold to improve bone regeneration. Different techniques can be used to manufacture 3D scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration based on optimizing reproducible scaffolds with a controlled hierarchical porous structure like the extracellular matrix of bone. Additionally, the scaffolds synthesized can facilitate the inclusion of bone or mesenchymal stem cells with growth factors that improve bone osteogenesis, recruiting new cells for the neighborhood to generate an optimal environment for tissue regeneration. In this review, current state-of-the-art scaffold manufacturing based on the use of polycaprolactone (PCL) as a biomaterial for bone tissue regeneration will be described by reporting relevant studies focusing on processing techniques, from traditional—i.e., freeze casting, thermally induced phase separation, gas foaming, solvent casting, and particle leaching—to more recent approaches, such as 3D additive manufacturing (i.e., 3D printing/bioprinting, electrofluid dynamics/electrospinning), as well as integrated techniques. As a function of the used technique, this work aims to offer a comprehensive overview of the benefits/limitations of PCL-based scaffolds in order to establish a relationship between scaffold composition, namely integration of other biomaterial phases’ structural properties (i.e., pore morphology and mechanical properties) and in vivo response.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/1/46biomaterialssynthetic polymerpolycaprolactonetissue engineeringscaffoldsbone tissue |
| spellingShingle | Fernanda Ramírez-Ruiz Israel Núñez-Tapia María Cristina Piña-Barba Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez Vincenzo Guarino Janeth Serrano-Bello Polycaprolactone for Hard Tissue Regeneration: Scaffold Design and In Vivo Implications Bioengineering biomaterials synthetic polymer polycaprolactone tissue engineering scaffolds bone tissue |
| title | Polycaprolactone for Hard Tissue Regeneration: Scaffold Design and In Vivo Implications |
| title_full | Polycaprolactone for Hard Tissue Regeneration: Scaffold Design and In Vivo Implications |
| title_fullStr | Polycaprolactone for Hard Tissue Regeneration: Scaffold Design and In Vivo Implications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Polycaprolactone for Hard Tissue Regeneration: Scaffold Design and In Vivo Implications |
| title_short | Polycaprolactone for Hard Tissue Regeneration: Scaffold Design and In Vivo Implications |
| title_sort | polycaprolactone for hard tissue regeneration scaffold design and in vivo implications |
| topic | biomaterials synthetic polymer polycaprolactone tissue engineering scaffolds bone tissue |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/1/46 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT fernandaramirezruiz polycaprolactoneforhardtissueregenerationscaffolddesignandinvivoimplications AT israelnuneztapia polycaprolactoneforhardtissueregenerationscaffolddesignandinvivoimplications AT mariacristinapinabarba polycaprolactoneforhardtissueregenerationscaffolddesignandinvivoimplications AT marcoantonioalvarezperez polycaprolactoneforhardtissueregenerationscaffolddesignandinvivoimplications AT vincenzoguarino polycaprolactoneforhardtissueregenerationscaffolddesignandinvivoimplications AT janethserranobello polycaprolactoneforhardtissueregenerationscaffolddesignandinvivoimplications |