Simultaneous removal of diclofenac sodium, cadmium and bacterial inactivation from aqueous solutions by activated MgO nanoparticles

This study investigated whether MgO nanoparticles (NPs) produced via the sol–gel process can simultaneously remove the pharmaceutical diclofenac sodium (DCF) and cadmium ions (Cd2+) from water. The UV spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning ele...

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Main Authors: Saleh M. Sulaiman, Mohammed H. Al-Jabari, Mazen K. Nazal, Asem M. Mubarak
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2024-12-01
Series:Arab Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/25765299.2024.2375663
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author Saleh M. Sulaiman
Mohammed H. Al-Jabari
Mazen K. Nazal
Asem M. Mubarak
author_facet Saleh M. Sulaiman
Mohammed H. Al-Jabari
Mazen K. Nazal
Asem M. Mubarak
author_sort Saleh M. Sulaiman
collection DOAJ
description This study investigated whether MgO nanoparticles (NPs) produced via the sol–gel process can simultaneously remove the pharmaceutical diclofenac sodium (DCF) and cadmium ions (Cd2+) from water. The UV spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to confirm the composition, morphology and particle size of the MgO NPs. The adsorption performance of MgO NPs was compared to that of bentonite-nano zero valent iron (B-nZVI) and activated carbon (AC). The impact of contact time, adsorbate concentration, pH, and temperature on the removal efficacy of DCF and Cd2+ via MgO NPs in aqueous solutions were investigated, and the removal data was best described by the kinetic model of pseudo-second-order and the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 > 0.996). The maximum removal capacity of MgO for DCF and Cd2+ at pH 7 was 66.2 mg.g−1 (%R = 90) and 50.8 mg.g−1 (%R = 80), respectively. The average adsorption enthalpy for DCF and Cd2+ (ΔH° 50 kJ. mol−1) demonstrates the occurrence of physical adsorption process, while the negative value of ΔG° reveals the spontaneous nature of DCF and Cd2+ adsorption on the surface of MgO NPs. The DCF and Cd2+ adsorbed MgO surfaces were reused against various gram-positive bacteria. Finally, it was shown that MgO and sand column were more effective for removal of persistent substances and heavy metal residues than a column packed by a mixture of B-nZVI and sand.
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spelling doaj-art-1996903cf3fa4f2d94af3023ee6311bc2025-08-20T02:49:26ZengTaylor & Francis GroupArab Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences2576-52992024-12-0131137138710.1080/25765299.2024.2375663Simultaneous removal of diclofenac sodium, cadmium and bacterial inactivation from aqueous solutions by activated MgO nanoparticlesSaleh M. Sulaiman0Mohammed H. Al-Jabari1Mazen K. Nazal2Asem M. Mubarak3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Birzeit University, Ramallah, West Bank, State of PalestineDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Birzeit University, Ramallah, West Bank, State of PalestineCenter for Environment and Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Birzeit University, Ramallah, West Bank, State of PalestineThis study investigated whether MgO nanoparticles (NPs) produced via the sol–gel process can simultaneously remove the pharmaceutical diclofenac sodium (DCF) and cadmium ions (Cd2+) from water. The UV spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to confirm the composition, morphology and particle size of the MgO NPs. The adsorption performance of MgO NPs was compared to that of bentonite-nano zero valent iron (B-nZVI) and activated carbon (AC). The impact of contact time, adsorbate concentration, pH, and temperature on the removal efficacy of DCF and Cd2+ via MgO NPs in aqueous solutions were investigated, and the removal data was best described by the kinetic model of pseudo-second-order and the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 > 0.996). The maximum removal capacity of MgO for DCF and Cd2+ at pH 7 was 66.2 mg.g−1 (%R = 90) and 50.8 mg.g−1 (%R = 80), respectively. The average adsorption enthalpy for DCF and Cd2+ (ΔH° 50 kJ. mol−1) demonstrates the occurrence of physical adsorption process, while the negative value of ΔG° reveals the spontaneous nature of DCF and Cd2+ adsorption on the surface of MgO NPs. The DCF and Cd2+ adsorbed MgO surfaces were reused against various gram-positive bacteria. Finally, it was shown that MgO and sand column were more effective for removal of persistent substances and heavy metal residues than a column packed by a mixture of B-nZVI and sand.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/25765299.2024.2375663Adsorptiondiclofenac sodiuminactivation of bacteriaMgO nanoparticlesremoval of heavy metal ions
spellingShingle Saleh M. Sulaiman
Mohammed H. Al-Jabari
Mazen K. Nazal
Asem M. Mubarak
Simultaneous removal of diclofenac sodium, cadmium and bacterial inactivation from aqueous solutions by activated MgO nanoparticles
Arab Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences
Adsorption
diclofenac sodium
inactivation of bacteria
MgO nanoparticles
removal of heavy metal ions
title Simultaneous removal of diclofenac sodium, cadmium and bacterial inactivation from aqueous solutions by activated MgO nanoparticles
title_full Simultaneous removal of diclofenac sodium, cadmium and bacterial inactivation from aqueous solutions by activated MgO nanoparticles
title_fullStr Simultaneous removal of diclofenac sodium, cadmium and bacterial inactivation from aqueous solutions by activated MgO nanoparticles
title_full_unstemmed Simultaneous removal of diclofenac sodium, cadmium and bacterial inactivation from aqueous solutions by activated MgO nanoparticles
title_short Simultaneous removal of diclofenac sodium, cadmium and bacterial inactivation from aqueous solutions by activated MgO nanoparticles
title_sort simultaneous removal of diclofenac sodium cadmium and bacterial inactivation from aqueous solutions by activated mgo nanoparticles
topic Adsorption
diclofenac sodium
inactivation of bacteria
MgO nanoparticles
removal of heavy metal ions
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/25765299.2024.2375663
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AT mohammedhaljabari simultaneousremovalofdiclofenacsodiumcadmiumandbacterialinactivationfromaqueoussolutionsbyactivatedmgonanoparticles
AT mazenknazal simultaneousremovalofdiclofenacsodiumcadmiumandbacterialinactivationfromaqueoussolutionsbyactivatedmgonanoparticles
AT asemmmubarak simultaneousremovalofdiclofenacsodiumcadmiumandbacterialinactivationfromaqueoussolutionsbyactivatedmgonanoparticles