Exploring Robotic Technologies for Upper Limb Rehabilitation: Current Status and Future Directions

This paper explores the design, control, construction, and leading manufacturers of upper limb rehabilitation robots through a thorough literature review. Utilizing databases such as Scopus, IEEE Xplore, Science Direct, Springer Link, and the Clinical Trials database, the research adhered to a rigor...

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Main Authors: Fabian Horacio Diaz, Carlos Borrás Pinilla, Cecilia E. García Cena
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/14/3/48
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author Fabian Horacio Diaz
Carlos Borrás Pinilla
Cecilia E. García Cena
author_facet Fabian Horacio Diaz
Carlos Borrás Pinilla
Cecilia E. García Cena
author_sort Fabian Horacio Diaz
collection DOAJ
description This paper explores the design, control, construction, and leading manufacturers of upper limb rehabilitation robots through a thorough literature review. Utilizing databases such as Scopus, IEEE Xplore, Science Direct, Springer Link, and the Clinical Trials database, the research adhered to a rigorous screening process in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. This included analyzing abstracts and conducting comprehensive reviews of full articles when necessary. A total of fourteen relevant papers were systematically selected for in-depth analysis. The study offers a detailed classification of robotic technologies along with their Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs), discusses the primary challenges hindering their adoption, and proposes strategic research directions to address these issues. In conclusion, while upper limb robotic devices exhibit significant potential, persistent technological and design challenges must be addressed, underscoring the need for ongoing research and multidisciplinary collaboration to facilitate broader and more effective adoption.
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spelling doaj-art-197efb926fd74498aa22a08ef3cfede72025-08-20T03:27:40ZengMDPI AGJournal of Sensor and Actuator Networks2224-27082025-05-011434810.3390/jsan14030048Exploring Robotic Technologies for Upper Limb Rehabilitation: Current Status and Future DirectionsFabian Horacio Diaz0Carlos Borrás Pinilla1Cecilia E. García Cena2Escuela de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, ColombiaEscuela de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, ColombiaEscuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería y Diseño Industrial, ETSIDI-UPM, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/Ronda de Valencia 3, 28012 Madrid, SpainThis paper explores the design, control, construction, and leading manufacturers of upper limb rehabilitation robots through a thorough literature review. Utilizing databases such as Scopus, IEEE Xplore, Science Direct, Springer Link, and the Clinical Trials database, the research adhered to a rigorous screening process in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. This included analyzing abstracts and conducting comprehensive reviews of full articles when necessary. A total of fourteen relevant papers were systematically selected for in-depth analysis. The study offers a detailed classification of robotic technologies along with their Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs), discusses the primary challenges hindering their adoption, and proposes strategic research directions to address these issues. In conclusion, while upper limb robotic devices exhibit significant potential, persistent technological and design challenges must be addressed, underscoring the need for ongoing research and multidisciplinary collaboration to facilitate broader and more effective adoption.https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/14/3/48upper limbrehabilitationroboticsexoskeleton
spellingShingle Fabian Horacio Diaz
Carlos Borrás Pinilla
Cecilia E. García Cena
Exploring Robotic Technologies for Upper Limb Rehabilitation: Current Status and Future Directions
Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks
upper limb
rehabilitation
robotics
exoskeleton
title Exploring Robotic Technologies for Upper Limb Rehabilitation: Current Status and Future Directions
title_full Exploring Robotic Technologies for Upper Limb Rehabilitation: Current Status and Future Directions
title_fullStr Exploring Robotic Technologies for Upper Limb Rehabilitation: Current Status and Future Directions
title_full_unstemmed Exploring Robotic Technologies for Upper Limb Rehabilitation: Current Status and Future Directions
title_short Exploring Robotic Technologies for Upper Limb Rehabilitation: Current Status and Future Directions
title_sort exploring robotic technologies for upper limb rehabilitation current status and future directions
topic upper limb
rehabilitation
robotics
exoskeleton
url https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/14/3/48
work_keys_str_mv AT fabianhoraciodiaz exploringrobotictechnologiesforupperlimbrehabilitationcurrentstatusandfuturedirections
AT carlosborraspinilla exploringrobotictechnologiesforupperlimbrehabilitationcurrentstatusandfuturedirections
AT ceciliaegarciacena exploringrobotictechnologiesforupperlimbrehabilitationcurrentstatusandfuturedirections