Phylogenetic and Autecology Characteristics of Five Potentially Harmful Dinoflagellate <i>Alexandrium</i> Species (Dinophyceae, Gonyaulacales, Pyrocystaceae) in Tropical Waters: <i>A. affine</i>, <i>A. fraterculus</i>, <i>A. leei</i>, <i>A. pseudogonyaulax</i>, and <i>A. tamiyavanichii</i>

Phylogenetic and Autecology Characteristics of Five Potentially Harmful Dinoflagellate <i>Alexandrium</i> Species (Dinophyceae, Gonyaulacales, Pyrocystaceae) in Tropical Waters: <i>A. affine</i>, <i>A. fraterculus</i>, <i>A. leei</i>, <i>A. pseudogonyaulax</i>, and <i>A. tamiyavanichii</i>

Five species of <i>Alexandrium</i> (<i>A. affine</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>fraterculus</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>leei</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>pseudogonyaulax,</i> and <i>A</i>. <i>tamiyavanichii</i>) ar...

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Main Authors: Lam Nguyen-Ngoc, Dang-Minh Luat, H. Doan-Nhu, H. M. Pham, B. Krock, N. D. Huynh-Thi, L. V. Tran-Thi, M. H. Tran-Thi, Anh H. Pham, V. Nguyen-Tam, T. T. Nhan-Luu, H. H. Do
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Toxins
Subjects:
<i>Alexandrium</i> spp.
ITS
LSU (D1–D3)
LSU (D8–D10)
growth rate
PSTs
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/17/2/81
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Summary:Five species of <i>Alexandrium</i> (<i>A. affine</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>fraterculus</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>leei</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>pseudogonyaulax,</i> and <i>A</i>. <i>tamiyavanichii</i>) are commonly found in Vietnamese waters. They were distinguished based on their apical pore complex (A.P.C), precingular first plate (1′), ventral pore (Vp), and sulcal platelets. A genetic analysis was conducted using nuclear rDNA sequences of ITS and LSU (D1–D3, D8–D10). The growth rates of <i>A</i>. <i>fraterculus</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>leei</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>tamiyavanichii</i>, and <i>A</i>. <i>pseudogonyaulax</i> were quite similar. Specifically, these four species had the highest growth rates at two temperature levels of 24 °C and 27 °C, at salinities ranging from 25 psu to 35 psu. Furthermore, these species were able to adapt to a low salinity of 20 psu at temperatures from 18 °C to 27 °C. No Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PSTs) were found in the two <i>Alexandrium affine</i> strains, VINVN01-1 and VINVN01-2. The detection limit for PSTs ranged from 0.45 to 15.5 fg cell<sup>−1</sup>, depending on the molecular response and available biomass.
ISSN:2072-6651

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