Benchmark of chromatin–protein interaction methods in haploid round spermatids

IntroductionChromatin–protein interactions are fundamental for regulation of gene transcription. While chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) has long been the gold standard for mapping these interactions, emerging techniques such as CUT&RUN and CUT&Tag,...

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Main Authors: Ruolei Wang, Yue Wu, Ze Zhou, Yicheng Ma, Weidong Zhang, Zihang Wang, Weihan Luo, Peng Hua
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1572405/full
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author Ruolei Wang
Yue Wu
Ze Zhou
Yicheng Ma
Weidong Zhang
Zihang Wang
Weihan Luo
Peng Hua
author_facet Ruolei Wang
Yue Wu
Ze Zhou
Yicheng Ma
Weidong Zhang
Zihang Wang
Weihan Luo
Peng Hua
author_sort Ruolei Wang
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionChromatin–protein interactions are fundamental for regulation of gene transcription. While chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) has long been the gold standard for mapping these interactions, emerging techniques such as CUT&RUN and CUT&Tag, which offer advantages such as low-input requirements and high signal-to-noise ratios, have aroused great attention. However, research addressing the potential biases introduced by enzyme-based tagmentation approaches and comparative assessment with ChIP-seq remain absent.MethodsThis study aims to systematically evaluate and compare the performance of ChIP-seq, CUT&Tag, and CUT&RUN for profiling genome-wide transcription factors and histone modification binding.ResultsOur analysis revealed that all three methods reliably detect histone modifications and transcription factor enrichment, with CUT&Tag standing out for its comparatively higher signal-to-noise ratio. Detailed peak comparison revealed unique and overlapping enrichment among the three techniques. Additionally, CUT&Tag can identify novel CTCF peaks compared with the other two methods. A strong correlation was observed between CUT&Tag signal intensity and chromatin accessibility, highlighting its ability to generate high-resolution signals in accessible regions.DiscussionThe systematic comparison summarizes the differences between CUT&Tag and CUT&RUN in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio and bias toward accessible chromatin. Considering the experimental procedures, signal specificity, and inherent biases, we recommend tailoring the choice of method to the type of chromatin–protein interaction under study. CUT&Tag offers a promising alternative for applications requiring high sensitivity and reduced background noise.
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spelling doaj-art-1938689e8a7749e48d1fb2f397f071c32025-08-20T02:57:29ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2025-05-011310.3389/fcell.2025.15724051572405Benchmark of chromatin–protein interaction methods in haploid round spermatidsRuolei WangYue WuZe ZhouYicheng MaWeidong ZhangZihang WangWeihan LuoPeng HuaIntroductionChromatin–protein interactions are fundamental for regulation of gene transcription. While chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) has long been the gold standard for mapping these interactions, emerging techniques such as CUT&RUN and CUT&Tag, which offer advantages such as low-input requirements and high signal-to-noise ratios, have aroused great attention. However, research addressing the potential biases introduced by enzyme-based tagmentation approaches and comparative assessment with ChIP-seq remain absent.MethodsThis study aims to systematically evaluate and compare the performance of ChIP-seq, CUT&Tag, and CUT&RUN for profiling genome-wide transcription factors and histone modification binding.ResultsOur analysis revealed that all three methods reliably detect histone modifications and transcription factor enrichment, with CUT&Tag standing out for its comparatively higher signal-to-noise ratio. Detailed peak comparison revealed unique and overlapping enrichment among the three techniques. Additionally, CUT&Tag can identify novel CTCF peaks compared with the other two methods. A strong correlation was observed between CUT&Tag signal intensity and chromatin accessibility, highlighting its ability to generate high-resolution signals in accessible regions.DiscussionThe systematic comparison summarizes the differences between CUT&Tag and CUT&RUN in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio and bias toward accessible chromatin. Considering the experimental procedures, signal specificity, and inherent biases, we recommend tailoring the choice of method to the type of chromatin–protein interaction under study. CUT&Tag offers a promising alternative for applications requiring high sensitivity and reduced background noise.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1572405/fullChIP-seqCUT&TagCUT&RUNsignal-to-noisepeakstranscription factors
spellingShingle Ruolei Wang
Yue Wu
Ze Zhou
Yicheng Ma
Weidong Zhang
Zihang Wang
Weihan Luo
Peng Hua
Benchmark of chromatin–protein interaction methods in haploid round spermatids
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
ChIP-seq
CUT&Tag
CUT&RUN
signal-to-noise
peaks
transcription factors
title Benchmark of chromatin–protein interaction methods in haploid round spermatids
title_full Benchmark of chromatin–protein interaction methods in haploid round spermatids
title_fullStr Benchmark of chromatin–protein interaction methods in haploid round spermatids
title_full_unstemmed Benchmark of chromatin–protein interaction methods in haploid round spermatids
title_short Benchmark of chromatin–protein interaction methods in haploid round spermatids
title_sort benchmark of chromatin protein interaction methods in haploid round spermatids
topic ChIP-seq
CUT&Tag
CUT&RUN
signal-to-noise
peaks
transcription factors
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1572405/full
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