Brewery waste liquid activated sludge-a potential ideal protein source of diet for Apostichopus japonicus
The sea cucumber aquaculture production in China has achieved an average annual growth rate of 69.8 % over the past five years, highlighting the necessity of identifying suitable feed proteins. In this study, brewery waste liquid activated sludge (BWAS) and commercial feed were mixed at four ratios,...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-09-01
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| Series: | Aquaculture Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513425002832 |
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| Summary: | The sea cucumber aquaculture production in China has achieved an average annual growth rate of 69.8 % over the past five years, highlighting the necessity of identifying suitable feed proteins. In this study, brewery waste liquid activated sludge (BWAS) and commercial feed were mixed at four ratios, with BWAS comprising 0 %, 25 %, 50 %, and 75 % of the mixture, along with muddy sediment to create four diets, which were marked as group CK, S25, S50 and S75. The feeding preferences, and the effects of these diets on the performance of the sea cucumbers over a 60-day period, were examined aiming to assess the viability of BWAS as a protein source in the diet for the first time. It indicated that regardless of whether the sea cucumbers were acclimated to BWAS, all groups perferred BWAS supplementation, exhibiting significant increases in both feed intake and feeding time. The highest final weight and specific growth rate were obtained in S25, and idf-1, mapk-7, and fgfr-1 also significantly up-regulated in S25 group. The activities of lysozyme and nitric oxide synthase along with the relative expression levels of immune-related genes lys, nos, p105, and rel in intestine were increased with the addition of BWAS, peaking in S25 group. Additionally, the intestinal microbial community composition in the S25 group resembled that of the CK group. However, the abundance of potential pathogens in the intestines of S50 and S75 groups was higher. Therefore, the diet with 25 % BWAS was recommended. Our research offers a novel perspective on the utilization of sludge from residual liquid in the food industry, thereby promoting the sustainable development of sea cucumber aquaculture. |
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| ISSN: | 2352-5134 |