Fault Detection and Isolation Strategy for Brake Actuation Units of High-Speed Trains Under Variable Operating Conditions

The brake system is a key system for the safe operation and stopping of trains. As a core component of brake systems, the brake actuation unit (BAU) is essential for slowing down or stopping trains, and faults in the BAU will affect the safety and efficiency of train operation. In order to detect an...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jingxian Ding, Tianyu Xia, Xinzhou Wu, Shize Zheng, Tianyi Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Mathematics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/7/1022
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849739062294872064
author Jingxian Ding
Tianyu Xia
Xinzhou Wu
Shize Zheng
Tianyi Wang
author_facet Jingxian Ding
Tianyu Xia
Xinzhou Wu
Shize Zheng
Tianyi Wang
author_sort Jingxian Ding
collection DOAJ
description The brake system is a key system for the safe operation and stopping of trains. As a core component of brake systems, the brake actuation unit (BAU) is essential for slowing down or stopping trains, and faults in the BAU will affect the safety and efficiency of train operation. In order to detect and locate faults in the BAU in time, a fault detection and isolation (FDI) strategy, based on mutual residuals (MRs), principal component analysis (PCA) and improved reconstruction-based contribution plots (IRBCP), was proposed. Firstly, the structural composition and working principle of the BAU were introduced, and its typical failure modes and effects were analyzed. Secondly, considering that the fault detection threshold is not easy to determine due to the variable operating conditions of the BAU, the steady-state fault feature based on MR was extracted. Thirdly, fault detection and isolation were realized based on PCA and the IRBCP algorithm. Finally, by using the fault injection method, case studies on test-rig experiment data of brake systems were conducted; the fault detection rate was 99% and the effectiveness of the proposed strategy was validated by the test data. The proposed strategy shows fast computing ability, and is suitable for systems with dynamic time-varying and nonlinear characteristics.
format Article
id doaj-art-191e919e73874a69a9513ddc07cf6b11
institution DOAJ
issn 2227-7390
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Mathematics
spelling doaj-art-191e919e73874a69a9513ddc07cf6b112025-08-20T03:06:24ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902025-03-01137102210.3390/math13071022Fault Detection and Isolation Strategy for Brake Actuation Units of High-Speed Trains Under Variable Operating ConditionsJingxian Ding0Tianyu Xia1Xinzhou Wu2Shize Zheng3Tianyi Wang4Postdoctoral Station of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, ChinaCollege of Transportation, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, ChinaCollege of Transportation, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, ChinaCollege of Transportation, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, ChinaCollege of Transportation, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, ChinaThe brake system is a key system for the safe operation and stopping of trains. As a core component of brake systems, the brake actuation unit (BAU) is essential for slowing down or stopping trains, and faults in the BAU will affect the safety and efficiency of train operation. In order to detect and locate faults in the BAU in time, a fault detection and isolation (FDI) strategy, based on mutual residuals (MRs), principal component analysis (PCA) and improved reconstruction-based contribution plots (IRBCP), was proposed. Firstly, the structural composition and working principle of the BAU were introduced, and its typical failure modes and effects were analyzed. Secondly, considering that the fault detection threshold is not easy to determine due to the variable operating conditions of the BAU, the steady-state fault feature based on MR was extracted. Thirdly, fault detection and isolation were realized based on PCA and the IRBCP algorithm. Finally, by using the fault injection method, case studies on test-rig experiment data of brake systems were conducted; the fault detection rate was 99% and the effectiveness of the proposed strategy was validated by the test data. The proposed strategy shows fast computing ability, and is suitable for systems with dynamic time-varying and nonlinear characteristics.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/7/1022brake systembrake actuation unitfault detectionfault isolationtime-varying system
spellingShingle Jingxian Ding
Tianyu Xia
Xinzhou Wu
Shize Zheng
Tianyi Wang
Fault Detection and Isolation Strategy for Brake Actuation Units of High-Speed Trains Under Variable Operating Conditions
Mathematics
brake system
brake actuation unit
fault detection
fault isolation
time-varying system
title Fault Detection and Isolation Strategy for Brake Actuation Units of High-Speed Trains Under Variable Operating Conditions
title_full Fault Detection and Isolation Strategy for Brake Actuation Units of High-Speed Trains Under Variable Operating Conditions
title_fullStr Fault Detection and Isolation Strategy for Brake Actuation Units of High-Speed Trains Under Variable Operating Conditions
title_full_unstemmed Fault Detection and Isolation Strategy for Brake Actuation Units of High-Speed Trains Under Variable Operating Conditions
title_short Fault Detection and Isolation Strategy for Brake Actuation Units of High-Speed Trains Under Variable Operating Conditions
title_sort fault detection and isolation strategy for brake actuation units of high speed trains under variable operating conditions
topic brake system
brake actuation unit
fault detection
fault isolation
time-varying system
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/7/1022
work_keys_str_mv AT jingxianding faultdetectionandisolationstrategyforbrakeactuationunitsofhighspeedtrainsundervariableoperatingconditions
AT tianyuxia faultdetectionandisolationstrategyforbrakeactuationunitsofhighspeedtrainsundervariableoperatingconditions
AT xinzhouwu faultdetectionandisolationstrategyforbrakeactuationunitsofhighspeedtrainsundervariableoperatingconditions
AT shizezheng faultdetectionandisolationstrategyforbrakeactuationunitsofhighspeedtrainsundervariableoperatingconditions
AT tianyiwang faultdetectionandisolationstrategyforbrakeactuationunitsofhighspeedtrainsundervariableoperatingconditions