Temperature and Frequency Dependence of Human Cerebrospinal Fluid Dielectric Parameters
Accurate human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dielectric parameters are critical for biological electromagnetic applications such as the electromagnetic field modelling of the human brain, the localization and intensity assessment of electrical generators in the brain, and electromagnetic protection. To...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Weice Wang Mingxu Zhu Benyuan Liu Weichen Li Yu Wang Junyao Li Qingdong Guo Fang Du Canhua Xu Xuetao Shi |
| author_facet | Weice Wang Mingxu Zhu Benyuan Liu Weichen Li Yu Wang Junyao Li Qingdong Guo Fang Du Canhua Xu Xuetao Shi |
| author_sort | Weice Wang |
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| description | Accurate human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dielectric parameters are critical for biological electromagnetic applications such as the electromagnetic field modelling of the human brain, the localization and intensity assessment of electrical generators in the brain, and electromagnetic protection. To detect brain damage signals during temperature changes by electrical impedance tomography (EIT), the change in CSF dielectric parameters with frequency (10 Hz–100 MHz) and temperature (17–39 °C) was investigated. A Debye model was first established to capture the complex impedance frequency and temperature characteristics. Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis based on the dielectric parameters of normal and diseased CSF was carried out to identify lesions. The Debye model’s characteristic <i>f</i><sub>c</sub> parameters linearly increased with increasing temperature (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.989), and <i>R</i><sub>0</sub> and <i>R</i><sub>1</sub> linearly decreased (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.990). The final established formula can calculate the complex impedivity of CSF with a maximum fitting error of 3.79%. Furthermore, the ROC based on the real part of impedivity at 10 Hz and 17 °C yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.898 with a specificity of 0.889 and a sensitivity of 0.944. These findings are expected to facilitate the application of electromagnetic technology, such as disease diagnosis, specific absorption rate calculation, and biosensor design. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-19138ff0f65e45e09068ab64a07cd9c62024-11-26T18:21:49ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-11-012422739410.3390/s24227394Temperature and Frequency Dependence of Human Cerebrospinal Fluid Dielectric ParametersWeice Wang0Mingxu Zhu1Benyuan Liu2Weichen Li3Yu Wang4Junyao Li5Qingdong Guo6Fang Du7Canhua Xu8Xuetao Shi9Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Detection and Intelligent Perception, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, ChinaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Detection and Intelligent Perception, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, ChinaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Detection and Intelligent Perception, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, ChinaDepartment of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710000, ChinaInstitute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, ChinaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Detection and Intelligent Perception, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, ChinaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Detection and Intelligent Perception, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, ChinaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Detection and Intelligent Perception, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, ChinaAccurate human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dielectric parameters are critical for biological electromagnetic applications such as the electromagnetic field modelling of the human brain, the localization and intensity assessment of electrical generators in the brain, and electromagnetic protection. To detect brain damage signals during temperature changes by electrical impedance tomography (EIT), the change in CSF dielectric parameters with frequency (10 Hz–100 MHz) and temperature (17–39 °C) was investigated. A Debye model was first established to capture the complex impedance frequency and temperature characteristics. Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis based on the dielectric parameters of normal and diseased CSF was carried out to identify lesions. The Debye model’s characteristic <i>f</i><sub>c</sub> parameters linearly increased with increasing temperature (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.989), and <i>R</i><sub>0</sub> and <i>R</i><sub>1</sub> linearly decreased (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.990). The final established formula can calculate the complex impedivity of CSF with a maximum fitting error of 3.79%. Furthermore, the ROC based on the real part of impedivity at 10 Hz and 17 °C yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.898 with a specificity of 0.889 and a sensitivity of 0.944. These findings are expected to facilitate the application of electromagnetic technology, such as disease diagnosis, specific absorption rate calculation, and biosensor design.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/22/7394cerebrospinal fluidfrequency and temperature dependenceelectrical impedance spectroscopydielectric propertiesbioelectromagnetism |
| spellingShingle | Weice Wang Mingxu Zhu Benyuan Liu Weichen Li Yu Wang Junyao Li Qingdong Guo Fang Du Canhua Xu Xuetao Shi Temperature and Frequency Dependence of Human Cerebrospinal Fluid Dielectric Parameters Sensors cerebrospinal fluid frequency and temperature dependence electrical impedance spectroscopy dielectric properties bioelectromagnetism |
| title | Temperature and Frequency Dependence of Human Cerebrospinal Fluid Dielectric Parameters |
| title_full | Temperature and Frequency Dependence of Human Cerebrospinal Fluid Dielectric Parameters |
| title_fullStr | Temperature and Frequency Dependence of Human Cerebrospinal Fluid Dielectric Parameters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Temperature and Frequency Dependence of Human Cerebrospinal Fluid Dielectric Parameters |
| title_short | Temperature and Frequency Dependence of Human Cerebrospinal Fluid Dielectric Parameters |
| title_sort | temperature and frequency dependence of human cerebrospinal fluid dielectric parameters |
| topic | cerebrospinal fluid frequency and temperature dependence electrical impedance spectroscopy dielectric properties bioelectromagnetism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/22/7394 |
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