The role of memory in affirming-the-consequent fallacy
Summary: People tend to recognize that a transitive relation remains true even when its order is reversed. This affirming-the-consequent fallacy is thought to be uniquely related to human intelligence. It is generally thought that this fallacy is a byproduct of explicit reasoning at the moment of re...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-02-01
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| Series: | iScience |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258900422500149X |
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| author | Yoko Higuchi Ethan Oblak Hiroko Nakamura Makiko Yamada Kazuhisa Shibata |
| author_facet | Yoko Higuchi Ethan Oblak Hiroko Nakamura Makiko Yamada Kazuhisa Shibata |
| author_sort | Yoko Higuchi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Summary: People tend to recognize that a transitive relation remains true even when its order is reversed. This affirming-the-consequent fallacy is thought to be uniquely related to human intelligence. It is generally thought that this fallacy is a byproduct of explicit reasoning at the moment of recognition of the reversed order. Here, we provide evidence suggesting a reconsideration of this account using an implicit memory paradigm, which minimizes the involvement of explicit reasoning. Specifically, we tested a two-stage memory model: (1) when a sequence of events is encoded, the memory of the reversed sequence is formed, resulting in the affirming-the-consequent fallacy, and (2) the memories of the forward and reversed sequences are integrated over time, reinforcing the fallacy. Results of behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments were consistent with this memory-based model. Our findings suggest that the affirming-the-consequent fallacy may begin unwittingly when individuals memorize a transitive relation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-190576ea6a15482a8871f0f151c66fd8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2589-0042 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | iScience |
| spelling | doaj-art-190576ea6a15482a8871f0f151c66fd82025-02-09T05:00:59ZengElsevieriScience2589-00422025-02-01282111889The role of memory in affirming-the-consequent fallacyYoko Higuchi0Ethan Oblak1Hiroko Nakamura2Makiko Yamada3Kazuhisa Shibata4RIKEN Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan; Department of Cognitive and Information Sciences, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino, Chiba, Japan; Corresponding authorRIKEN Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, JapanJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan; School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Adachi, Tokyo, JapanInstitute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, Inage, Chiba, JapanRIKEN Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan; Corresponding authorSummary: People tend to recognize that a transitive relation remains true even when its order is reversed. This affirming-the-consequent fallacy is thought to be uniquely related to human intelligence. It is generally thought that this fallacy is a byproduct of explicit reasoning at the moment of recognition of the reversed order. Here, we provide evidence suggesting a reconsideration of this account using an implicit memory paradigm, which minimizes the involvement of explicit reasoning. Specifically, we tested a two-stage memory model: (1) when a sequence of events is encoded, the memory of the reversed sequence is formed, resulting in the affirming-the-consequent fallacy, and (2) the memories of the forward and reversed sequences are integrated over time, reinforcing the fallacy. Results of behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments were consistent with this memory-based model. Our findings suggest that the affirming-the-consequent fallacy may begin unwittingly when individuals memorize a transitive relation.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258900422500149XMedical imagingBehavioral neuroscienceCognitive neuroscience |
| spellingShingle | Yoko Higuchi Ethan Oblak Hiroko Nakamura Makiko Yamada Kazuhisa Shibata The role of memory in affirming-the-consequent fallacy iScience Medical imaging Behavioral neuroscience Cognitive neuroscience |
| title | The role of memory in affirming-the-consequent fallacy |
| title_full | The role of memory in affirming-the-consequent fallacy |
| title_fullStr | The role of memory in affirming-the-consequent fallacy |
| title_full_unstemmed | The role of memory in affirming-the-consequent fallacy |
| title_short | The role of memory in affirming-the-consequent fallacy |
| title_sort | role of memory in affirming the consequent fallacy |
| topic | Medical imaging Behavioral neuroscience Cognitive neuroscience |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258900422500149X |
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