Immunophenotypic features of dedifferentiated skull base chordoma: An insight into the intratumoural heterogeneity

Chordomas are rare and low-grade malignant solid tumours, despite their histologically benign appearance, that arise in the bone from embryonic notochordal vestiges of the axial skeleton, a mesoderm-derived structure that is involved in the process of neurulation and embryonic development. Chordomas...

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Main Authors: Kelvin Manuel Pińa Batista, Kenia Yoelvi Alvarez Reyes, Fátima Pérez Lopez, Andrés Coca Pelaz, Ivan Fernandez Vega, José Luis Llorente Pendás, Antonio Saiz Ayala, Aurora Astudillo, Jorge Andrés Nuńez Rojas, Patricia Barrio Fernandez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Termedia Publishing House 2017-12-01
Series:Contemporary Oncology
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Online Access:https://www.termedia.pl/Immunophenotypic-features-of-dedifferentiated-skull-base-chordoma-An-insight-into-the-intratumoural-heterogeneity,3,31345,1,1.html
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author Kelvin Manuel Pińa Batista
Kenia Yoelvi Alvarez Reyes
Fátima Pérez Lopez
Andrés Coca Pelaz
Ivan Fernandez Vega
José Luis Llorente Pendás
Antonio Saiz Ayala
Aurora Astudillo
Jorge Andrés Nuńez Rojas
Patricia Barrio Fernandez
author_facet Kelvin Manuel Pińa Batista
Kenia Yoelvi Alvarez Reyes
Fátima Pérez Lopez
Andrés Coca Pelaz
Ivan Fernandez Vega
José Luis Llorente Pendás
Antonio Saiz Ayala
Aurora Astudillo
Jorge Andrés Nuńez Rojas
Patricia Barrio Fernandez
author_sort Kelvin Manuel Pińa Batista
collection DOAJ
description Chordomas are rare and low-grade malignant solid tumours, despite their histologically benign appearance, that arise in the bone from embryonic notochordal vestiges of the axial skeleton, a mesoderm-derived structure that is involved in the process of neurulation and embryonic development. Chordomas occurring in the skull base tend to arise in the basiocciput along the clivus. Three major morphological variants have been described (classical, chondroid, and atypical/dedifferentiated). The pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms involved in chordoma development remain uncertain. From a pathological standpoint, the microenvironment of a chordoma is heterogeneous, showing a dual epithelial-mesenchymal differentiation. These tumours are characterised by slow modality of biologic growth, local recurrence, low incidence of metastasis rates, and cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype. The main molecular findings are connected with brachyury immunoexpression and activation of the downstream Akt and mTOR signalling pathways. The differentiation between typical and atypical chordomas is relevant because the tumoural microenvironment and prognosis are partially different. This review provides an insight into the recent and relevant concepts and histochemical markers expressed in chordomas, with special emphasis on dedifferentiated chordomas and their prognostic implications.
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series Contemporary Oncology
spelling doaj-art-18f46f9f67304d5aab797e7c7d0d151a2025-08-20T02:18:40ZengTermedia Publishing HouseContemporary Oncology1428-25261897-43092017-12-0121426727310.5114/wo.2017.7238531345Immunophenotypic features of dedifferentiated skull base chordoma: An insight into the intratumoural heterogeneityKelvin Manuel Pińa BatistaKenia Yoelvi Alvarez ReyesFátima Pérez LopezAndrés Coca PelazIvan Fernandez VegaJosé Luis Llorente PendásAntonio Saiz AyalaAurora AstudilloJorge Andrés Nuńez RojasPatricia Barrio FernandezChordomas are rare and low-grade malignant solid tumours, despite their histologically benign appearance, that arise in the bone from embryonic notochordal vestiges of the axial skeleton, a mesoderm-derived structure that is involved in the process of neurulation and embryonic development. Chordomas occurring in the skull base tend to arise in the basiocciput along the clivus. Three major morphological variants have been described (classical, chondroid, and atypical/dedifferentiated). The pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms involved in chordoma development remain uncertain. From a pathological standpoint, the microenvironment of a chordoma is heterogeneous, showing a dual epithelial-mesenchymal differentiation. These tumours are characterised by slow modality of biologic growth, local recurrence, low incidence of metastasis rates, and cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype. The main molecular findings are connected with brachyury immunoexpression and activation of the downstream Akt and mTOR signalling pathways. The differentiation between typical and atypical chordomas is relevant because the tumoural microenvironment and prognosis are partially different. This review provides an insight into the recent and relevant concepts and histochemical markers expressed in chordomas, with special emphasis on dedifferentiated chordomas and their prognostic implications.https://www.termedia.pl/Immunophenotypic-features-of-dedifferentiated-skull-base-chordoma-An-insight-into-the-intratumoural-heterogeneity,3,31345,1,1.htmldedifferentiated chordoma skull base immunophenotypic tumor
spellingShingle Kelvin Manuel Pińa Batista
Kenia Yoelvi Alvarez Reyes
Fátima Pérez Lopez
Andrés Coca Pelaz
Ivan Fernandez Vega
José Luis Llorente Pendás
Antonio Saiz Ayala
Aurora Astudillo
Jorge Andrés Nuńez Rojas
Patricia Barrio Fernandez
Immunophenotypic features of dedifferentiated skull base chordoma: An insight into the intratumoural heterogeneity
Contemporary Oncology
dedifferentiated
chordoma
skull base
immunophenotypic
tumor
title Immunophenotypic features of dedifferentiated skull base chordoma: An insight into the intratumoural heterogeneity
title_full Immunophenotypic features of dedifferentiated skull base chordoma: An insight into the intratumoural heterogeneity
title_fullStr Immunophenotypic features of dedifferentiated skull base chordoma: An insight into the intratumoural heterogeneity
title_full_unstemmed Immunophenotypic features of dedifferentiated skull base chordoma: An insight into the intratumoural heterogeneity
title_short Immunophenotypic features of dedifferentiated skull base chordoma: An insight into the intratumoural heterogeneity
title_sort immunophenotypic features of dedifferentiated skull base chordoma an insight into the intratumoural heterogeneity
topic dedifferentiated
chordoma
skull base
immunophenotypic
tumor
url https://www.termedia.pl/Immunophenotypic-features-of-dedifferentiated-skull-base-chordoma-An-insight-into-the-intratumoural-heterogeneity,3,31345,1,1.html
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