A verifiable EVM-based cross-language smart contract implementation scheme for matrix calculation

The wide application of smart contracts allows industry companies to implement some complex distributed collaborative businesses, which involve the calculation of complex functions, such as matrix operations. However, complex functions such as matrix operations are difficult to implement on Ethereum...

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Main Authors: Yunhua He, Yigang Yang, Chao Wang, Anke Xie, Li Ma, Bin Wu, Yongdong Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2025-04-01
Series:Digital Communications and Networks
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352864824000348
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author Yunhua He
Yigang Yang
Chao Wang
Anke Xie
Li Ma
Bin Wu
Yongdong Wu
author_facet Yunhua He
Yigang Yang
Chao Wang
Anke Xie
Li Ma
Bin Wu
Yongdong Wu
author_sort Yunhua He
collection DOAJ
description The wide application of smart contracts allows industry companies to implement some complex distributed collaborative businesses, which involve the calculation of complex functions, such as matrix operations. However, complex functions such as matrix operations are difficult to implement on Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)-based smart contract platforms due to their distributed security environment limitations. Existing off-chain methods often result in a significant reduction in contract execution efficiency, thus a platform software development kit interface implementation method has become a feasible way to reduce overheads, but this method cannot verify operation correctness and may leak sensitive user data. To solve the above problems, we propose a verifiable EVM-based smart contract cross-language implementation scheme for complex operations, especially matrix operations, which can guarantee operation correctness and user privacy while ensuring computational efficiency. In this scheme, a verifiable interaction process is designed to verify the computation process and results, and a matrix blinding technology is introduced to protect sensitive user data in the calculation process. The security analysis and performance tests show that the proposed scheme can satisfy the correctness and privacy of the cross-language implementation of smart contracts at a small additional efficiency cost.
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institution OA Journals
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publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
record_format Article
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spelling doaj-art-18e62db4fa8b4af4a5f2347281f69f292025-08-20T01:49:01ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Digital Communications and Networks2352-86482025-04-0111243244110.1016/j.dcan.2024.03.003A verifiable EVM-based cross-language smart contract implementation scheme for matrix calculationYunhua He0Yigang Yang1Chao Wang2Anke Xie3Li Ma4Bin Wu5Yongdong Wu6Information Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing, 100144, China; Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, ChinaInformation Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing, 100144, ChinaInformation Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing, 100144, ChinaBei Hang University Yunnan Innovation Institute, Yunnan, 650233, ChinaInformation Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing, 100144, ChinaInstitute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; Corresponding author.College of Cyber Security and College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, ChinaThe wide application of smart contracts allows industry companies to implement some complex distributed collaborative businesses, which involve the calculation of complex functions, such as matrix operations. However, complex functions such as matrix operations are difficult to implement on Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)-based smart contract platforms due to their distributed security environment limitations. Existing off-chain methods often result in a significant reduction in contract execution efficiency, thus a platform software development kit interface implementation method has become a feasible way to reduce overheads, but this method cannot verify operation correctness and may leak sensitive user data. To solve the above problems, we propose a verifiable EVM-based smart contract cross-language implementation scheme for complex operations, especially matrix operations, which can guarantee operation correctness and user privacy while ensuring computational efficiency. In this scheme, a verifiable interaction process is designed to verify the computation process and results, and a matrix blinding technology is introduced to protect sensitive user data in the calculation process. The security analysis and performance tests show that the proposed scheme can satisfy the correctness and privacy of the cross-language implementation of smart contracts at a small additional efficiency cost.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352864824000348Smart contractBlockchainCross-language programmingBilinear pairingPublicly verifiable computation
spellingShingle Yunhua He
Yigang Yang
Chao Wang
Anke Xie
Li Ma
Bin Wu
Yongdong Wu
A verifiable EVM-based cross-language smart contract implementation scheme for matrix calculation
Digital Communications and Networks
Smart contract
Blockchain
Cross-language programming
Bilinear pairing
Publicly verifiable computation
title A verifiable EVM-based cross-language smart contract implementation scheme for matrix calculation
title_full A verifiable EVM-based cross-language smart contract implementation scheme for matrix calculation
title_fullStr A verifiable EVM-based cross-language smart contract implementation scheme for matrix calculation
title_full_unstemmed A verifiable EVM-based cross-language smart contract implementation scheme for matrix calculation
title_short A verifiable EVM-based cross-language smart contract implementation scheme for matrix calculation
title_sort verifiable evm based cross language smart contract implementation scheme for matrix calculation
topic Smart contract
Blockchain
Cross-language programming
Bilinear pairing
Publicly verifiable computation
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352864824000348
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