A solid-solution approach for controllable photomechanical crystalline materials

Abstract Solid solutions are a unique and elegant crystal engineering strategy to control the properties of crystalline materials, and the tunability of physicochemical properties it provides has a wide scope of applications. In this research, we bring this strategy to the realm of smart molecular c...

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Main Authors: Yang Ye, Di Wu, Ying Sun, Dechen Wang, Yuanhang Wang, Na Wang, Hongxun Hao, Liang Li, Panče Naumov, Chuang Xie
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61723-z
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author Yang Ye
Di Wu
Ying Sun
Dechen Wang
Yuanhang Wang
Na Wang
Hongxun Hao
Liang Li
Panče Naumov
Chuang Xie
author_facet Yang Ye
Di Wu
Ying Sun
Dechen Wang
Yuanhang Wang
Na Wang
Hongxun Hao
Liang Li
Panče Naumov
Chuang Xie
author_sort Yang Ye
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Solid solutions are a unique and elegant crystal engineering strategy to control the properties of crystalline materials, and the tunability of physicochemical properties it provides has a wide scope of applications. In this research, we bring this strategy to the realm of smart molecular crystals and explore solid solutions of organic photomechanical crystals to create flexible structures that exhibit a gradient of predetermined emissive, mechanical, and reactive properties. Specifically, we demonstrate that fluorescence, mechanical properties, and solid-state photoreactivity in a binary mixed crystal system of 9-anthraldehyde (9AA) and 9-methylanthracene (9MA) can be simultaneously and precisely tuned simply by changing the composition. The statistical distribution of the two components in the solid solution was utilized to prepare a heterodimer by a cross-reaction between the molecules of the two components. The effect of doping on the rate and the extent of the solid-state photoreaction further enables modulation of the photomechanical bending of the crystals. This study shows that the solid solution method enables access to smart adaptive crystals that can perform specific solid-state photoreactions, exhibit a photomechanical response, and support flexible organic devices that cannot be achieved through conventional chemical modification strategies.
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issn 2041-1723
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publisher Nature Portfolio
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spelling doaj-art-18dded989a4643a4a41613768f2de9e72025-08-20T03:05:14ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-0116111110.1038/s41467-025-61723-zA solid-solution approach for controllable photomechanical crystalline materialsYang Ye0Di Wu1Ying Sun2Dechen Wang3Yuanhang Wang4Na Wang5Hongxun Hao6Liang Li7Panče Naumov8Chuang Xie9School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin UniversitySchool of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin UniversitySchool of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin UniversitySINOPEC Dalian (Fushun) Research Institute of Petroleum and PetrochemicalsSchool of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin UniversitySchool of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin UniversitySchool of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin UniversitySAFIR Novel Materials Development Lab, Sorbonne University Abu DhabiSmart Materials Lab, New York University Abu DhabiSchool of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin UniversityAbstract Solid solutions are a unique and elegant crystal engineering strategy to control the properties of crystalline materials, and the tunability of physicochemical properties it provides has a wide scope of applications. In this research, we bring this strategy to the realm of smart molecular crystals and explore solid solutions of organic photomechanical crystals to create flexible structures that exhibit a gradient of predetermined emissive, mechanical, and reactive properties. Specifically, we demonstrate that fluorescence, mechanical properties, and solid-state photoreactivity in a binary mixed crystal system of 9-anthraldehyde (9AA) and 9-methylanthracene (9MA) can be simultaneously and precisely tuned simply by changing the composition. The statistical distribution of the two components in the solid solution was utilized to prepare a heterodimer by a cross-reaction between the molecules of the two components. The effect of doping on the rate and the extent of the solid-state photoreaction further enables modulation of the photomechanical bending of the crystals. This study shows that the solid solution method enables access to smart adaptive crystals that can perform specific solid-state photoreactions, exhibit a photomechanical response, and support flexible organic devices that cannot be achieved through conventional chemical modification strategies.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61723-z
spellingShingle Yang Ye
Di Wu
Ying Sun
Dechen Wang
Yuanhang Wang
Na Wang
Hongxun Hao
Liang Li
Panče Naumov
Chuang Xie
A solid-solution approach for controllable photomechanical crystalline materials
Nature Communications
title A solid-solution approach for controllable photomechanical crystalline materials
title_full A solid-solution approach for controllable photomechanical crystalline materials
title_fullStr A solid-solution approach for controllable photomechanical crystalline materials
title_full_unstemmed A solid-solution approach for controllable photomechanical crystalline materials
title_short A solid-solution approach for controllable photomechanical crystalline materials
title_sort solid solution approach for controllable photomechanical crystalline materials
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61723-z
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