Comprehensive Characterization and Impact Analysis of Interlayers on CO<sub>2</sub> Flooding in Low-Permeability Sandstone Reservoirs
In low-permeability sandstone reservoirs (LPSR), impermeable interlayers significantly challenge carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) and enhance oil recovery (CO<sub>2</sub>-EOR) processes by creating complex, discontinuous flow units. This study aims to address these challen...
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| author | Taskyn Abitkazy Lin Yan Khaled Albriki Bahedaer Baletabieke Dawei Yuan Yingfu He Akhan Sarbayev |
| author_facet | Taskyn Abitkazy Lin Yan Khaled Albriki Bahedaer Baletabieke Dawei Yuan Yingfu He Akhan Sarbayev |
| author_sort | Taskyn Abitkazy |
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| description | In low-permeability sandstone reservoirs (LPSR), impermeable interlayers significantly challenge carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) and enhance oil recovery (CO<sub>2</sub>-EOR) processes by creating complex, discontinuous flow units. This study aims to address these challenges through a comprehensive multi-faceted approach integrating geological and microscopic analyses, including core analysis, reservoir petrography, field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and well-logging response analysis, and utilizing three-dimensional (3D) geological modeling. The current comprehensive investigation systematically characterizes interlayer types, petrophysical properties, thickness, connectivity, and their spatial distribution in the reservoir unit. Numerical simulations were conducted to assess the sealing efficiency and the impact of various interlayer materials on CO<sub>2</sub> flooding over a 10-year period. Results indicate the presence of petrophysical and argillaceous interlayers, with optimal sealing occurring in petrophysical barriers ≥ 4 m and argillaceous barriers ≥ 1.5 m thick. CO<sub>2</sub> leakage occurs through preferential pathways that emerge in a side-to-middle and bottom-to-top direction in interbeds, with multidirectional pathways showing greater leakage at the bottom compared to the upper side within barriers. Increased interlayer thickness constraints CO<sub>2</sub> breakthrough but reduces vertical flooding area and production ratio compared to homogeneous reservoirs. Augmented interbed thickness and area mitigate CO<sub>2</sub> breakthrough time while constraining gravity override and dispersion effects, enhancing horizontal oil displacement. These novel findings provide crucial insights for optimizing CCUS-EOR strategies in LPSR, offering a robust theoretical foundation for future applications and serving as a key reference for CO<sub>2</sub> utilization in challenging geological settings of LPSR worldwide. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-18d94b2a301b4ceb99e06d70e6580c23 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj-art-18d94b2a301b4ceb99e06d70e6580c232025-08-20T02:12:41ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-01-0118359310.3390/en18030593Comprehensive Characterization and Impact Analysis of Interlayers on CO<sub>2</sub> Flooding in Low-Permeability Sandstone ReservoirsTaskyn Abitkazy0Lin Yan1Khaled Albriki2Bahedaer Baletabieke3Dawei Yuan4Yingfu He5Akhan Sarbayev6Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, CNPC, Beijing 100083, ChinaResearch Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, CNPC, Beijing 100083, ChinaResearch Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, CNPC, Beijing 100083, ChinaEngineering Technology R&D Company Limitted, CNPC, Beijing 100083, ChinaResearch Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, CNPC, Beijing 100083, ChinaPetroleum Exploration & Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, ChinaGeology and Oil-Gas Business Institute, Satbayev University, Almaty 050013, KazakhstanIn low-permeability sandstone reservoirs (LPSR), impermeable interlayers significantly challenge carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) and enhance oil recovery (CO<sub>2</sub>-EOR) processes by creating complex, discontinuous flow units. This study aims to address these challenges through a comprehensive multi-faceted approach integrating geological and microscopic analyses, including core analysis, reservoir petrography, field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and well-logging response analysis, and utilizing three-dimensional (3D) geological modeling. The current comprehensive investigation systematically characterizes interlayer types, petrophysical properties, thickness, connectivity, and their spatial distribution in the reservoir unit. Numerical simulations were conducted to assess the sealing efficiency and the impact of various interlayer materials on CO<sub>2</sub> flooding over a 10-year period. Results indicate the presence of petrophysical and argillaceous interlayers, with optimal sealing occurring in petrophysical barriers ≥ 4 m and argillaceous barriers ≥ 1.5 m thick. CO<sub>2</sub> leakage occurs through preferential pathways that emerge in a side-to-middle and bottom-to-top direction in interbeds, with multidirectional pathways showing greater leakage at the bottom compared to the upper side within barriers. Increased interlayer thickness constraints CO<sub>2</sub> breakthrough but reduces vertical flooding area and production ratio compared to homogeneous reservoirs. Augmented interbed thickness and area mitigate CO<sub>2</sub> breakthrough time while constraining gravity override and dispersion effects, enhancing horizontal oil displacement. These novel findings provide crucial insights for optimizing CCUS-EOR strategies in LPSR, offering a robust theoretical foundation for future applications and serving as a key reference for CO<sub>2</sub> utilization in challenging geological settings of LPSR worldwide.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/3/593low-permeability reservoirinterlayerdistribution characteristicsCO<sub>2</sub> floodingsealing capacityimpact analysis |
| spellingShingle | Taskyn Abitkazy Lin Yan Khaled Albriki Bahedaer Baletabieke Dawei Yuan Yingfu He Akhan Sarbayev Comprehensive Characterization and Impact Analysis of Interlayers on CO<sub>2</sub> Flooding in Low-Permeability Sandstone Reservoirs Energies low-permeability reservoir interlayer distribution characteristics CO<sub>2</sub> flooding sealing capacity impact analysis |
| title | Comprehensive Characterization and Impact Analysis of Interlayers on CO<sub>2</sub> Flooding in Low-Permeability Sandstone Reservoirs |
| title_full | Comprehensive Characterization and Impact Analysis of Interlayers on CO<sub>2</sub> Flooding in Low-Permeability Sandstone Reservoirs |
| title_fullStr | Comprehensive Characterization and Impact Analysis of Interlayers on CO<sub>2</sub> Flooding in Low-Permeability Sandstone Reservoirs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comprehensive Characterization and Impact Analysis of Interlayers on CO<sub>2</sub> Flooding in Low-Permeability Sandstone Reservoirs |
| title_short | Comprehensive Characterization and Impact Analysis of Interlayers on CO<sub>2</sub> Flooding in Low-Permeability Sandstone Reservoirs |
| title_sort | comprehensive characterization and impact analysis of interlayers on co sub 2 sub flooding in low permeability sandstone reservoirs |
| topic | low-permeability reservoir interlayer distribution characteristics CO<sub>2</sub> flooding sealing capacity impact analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/3/593 |
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