First report of regional spreading and long-term inhabitation of VanD-type vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis clinical strains: A proposal of new classification of vanD gene subtypes

Objective: VanD-type vancomycin resistance is rarely reported in Enterococcus faecalis. This study aimed to characterise five VanD-type vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis strains isolated over 8 years from three hospitals in a local city in Japan, with a focus on resistance mechanisms, genetic backgro...

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Main Authors: Kensuke Mimura, Yusuke Hashimoto, Jun Kurushima, Hidetada Hirakawa, Takahiro Nomura, Koichi Tanimoto, Tetsuro Muratani, Daisuke Todokoro, Hideo Akiyama, Haruyoshi Tomita
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213716525001791
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author Kensuke Mimura
Yusuke Hashimoto
Jun Kurushima
Hidetada Hirakawa
Takahiro Nomura
Koichi Tanimoto
Tetsuro Muratani
Daisuke Todokoro
Hideo Akiyama
Haruyoshi Tomita
author_facet Kensuke Mimura
Yusuke Hashimoto
Jun Kurushima
Hidetada Hirakawa
Takahiro Nomura
Koichi Tanimoto
Tetsuro Muratani
Daisuke Todokoro
Hideo Akiyama
Haruyoshi Tomita
author_sort Kensuke Mimura
collection DOAJ
description Objective: VanD-type vancomycin resistance is rarely reported in Enterococcus faecalis. This study aimed to characterise five VanD-type vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis strains isolated over 8 years from three hospitals in a local city in Japan, with a focus on resistance mechanisms, genetic background, and phylogenetic classification. Methods: Five E. faecalis strains (SVR2085, SVR2281, SVR2330, SVR2331, and SVR2332) were analysed using antimicrobial susceptibility testing, plasmid profiling, and whole-genome sequencing. Genomic islands (GIs) containing vanD gene clusters were characterised. Core GI gene and core genome phylogenies were compared, and vanD homologues were classified using public database sequences. Results: All strains exhibited high-level resistance to vancomycin (MIC >1024–64 mg/L), multiple drug resistance, and carried pheromone-responsive plasmids encoding bacteriocin 41 as a colonisation factor. Four strains shared nearly identical GIs (126–185 kbp), while SVR2330 had a structurally distinct GI. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the four similar strains formed a single cluster, suggesting a common ancestor, whereas SVR2330 was divergent. Comparative analysis of 37 vanD homologues revealed high genetic diversity, allowing classification into three subgroups – vanD(I), vanD(II), and vanD(III). The vanD of SVR2330 was assigned as vanD(III)-4, and the others as vanD(II)-6, -11, -15, and -17. Conclusions: This study proposes a new classification scheme for diverse vanD genes and provides the first evidence of the regional spread and long-term persistence of VanD-type vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis in Japan.
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spelling doaj-art-18cfb46d8eb24a028d1349424d27901d2025-08-23T04:48:23ZengElsevierJournal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance2213-71652025-09-014439841010.1016/j.jgar.2025.07.021First report of regional spreading and long-term inhabitation of VanD-type vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis clinical strains: A proposal of new classification of vanD gene subtypesKensuke Mimura0Yusuke Hashimoto1Jun Kurushima2Hidetada Hirakawa3Takahiro Nomura4Koichi Tanimoto5Tetsuro Muratani6Daisuke Todokoro7Hideo Akiyama8Haruyoshi Tomita9Department of Bacteriology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, JapanDepartment of Bacteriology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, JapanLaboratory of Bacterial Drug Resistance, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, JapanDepartment of Bacteriology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, JapanDepartment of Bacteriology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, JapanFaculty of medical technology, Gunma University of Health and Welfare, 191-1 Kawamagari-cho, Maebashi City, Gunma, JapanHibiki AMR Laboratory, 1-12-16 Mitsusadadai, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan; Aisihinkai Kokura Itozu Hospital, 5-10-31 Shimoitozu, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, JapanDepartment of Ophthalmology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, JapanDepartment of Ophthalmology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, JapanDepartment of Bacteriology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan; Laboratory of Bacterial Drug Resistance, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan; Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Bacteriology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan 371-8511.Objective: VanD-type vancomycin resistance is rarely reported in Enterococcus faecalis. This study aimed to characterise five VanD-type vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis strains isolated over 8 years from three hospitals in a local city in Japan, with a focus on resistance mechanisms, genetic background, and phylogenetic classification. Methods: Five E. faecalis strains (SVR2085, SVR2281, SVR2330, SVR2331, and SVR2332) were analysed using antimicrobial susceptibility testing, plasmid profiling, and whole-genome sequencing. Genomic islands (GIs) containing vanD gene clusters were characterised. Core GI gene and core genome phylogenies were compared, and vanD homologues were classified using public database sequences. Results: All strains exhibited high-level resistance to vancomycin (MIC >1024–64 mg/L), multiple drug resistance, and carried pheromone-responsive plasmids encoding bacteriocin 41 as a colonisation factor. Four strains shared nearly identical GIs (126–185 kbp), while SVR2330 had a structurally distinct GI. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the four similar strains formed a single cluster, suggesting a common ancestor, whereas SVR2330 was divergent. Comparative analysis of 37 vanD homologues revealed high genetic diversity, allowing classification into three subgroups – vanD(I), vanD(II), and vanD(III). The vanD of SVR2330 was assigned as vanD(III)-4, and the others as vanD(II)-6, -11, -15, and -17. Conclusions: This study proposes a new classification scheme for diverse vanD genes and provides the first evidence of the regional spread and long-term persistence of VanD-type vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis in Japan.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213716525001791VancomycinVREVanD typeEnterococcus faecalisGenomic islandNew classification
spellingShingle Kensuke Mimura
Yusuke Hashimoto
Jun Kurushima
Hidetada Hirakawa
Takahiro Nomura
Koichi Tanimoto
Tetsuro Muratani
Daisuke Todokoro
Hideo Akiyama
Haruyoshi Tomita
First report of regional spreading and long-term inhabitation of VanD-type vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis clinical strains: A proposal of new classification of vanD gene subtypes
Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance
Vancomycin
VRE
VanD type
Enterococcus faecalis
Genomic island
New classification
title First report of regional spreading and long-term inhabitation of VanD-type vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis clinical strains: A proposal of new classification of vanD gene subtypes
title_full First report of regional spreading and long-term inhabitation of VanD-type vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis clinical strains: A proposal of new classification of vanD gene subtypes
title_fullStr First report of regional spreading and long-term inhabitation of VanD-type vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis clinical strains: A proposal of new classification of vanD gene subtypes
title_full_unstemmed First report of regional spreading and long-term inhabitation of VanD-type vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis clinical strains: A proposal of new classification of vanD gene subtypes
title_short First report of regional spreading and long-term inhabitation of VanD-type vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis clinical strains: A proposal of new classification of vanD gene subtypes
title_sort first report of regional spreading and long term inhabitation of vand type vancomycin resistant enterococcus faecalis clinical strains a proposal of new classification of vand gene subtypes
topic Vancomycin
VRE
VanD type
Enterococcus faecalis
Genomic island
New classification
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213716525001791
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