Dynamic fire-atmosphere interaction in the 2020 Montana Bridger Foothills Wildfire as revealed by WRF-SFIRE simulations

Abstract The Bridger Foothills (Montana, USA) wildfire event was notable due to its rapid escalation in fire activity, unique fire spread with respect to terrain and ambient wind direction, and endangerment to firefighters. To better understand the fire behaviour of this event, the WRF-SFIRE coupled...

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Main Authors: Kevin K. W. Cheung, Jason Sharples, Dennis Del Favero, Carlos Tirado Cortes
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:npj Natural Hazards
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s44304-025-00132-0
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author Kevin K. W. Cheung
Jason Sharples
Dennis Del Favero
Carlos Tirado Cortes
author_facet Kevin K. W. Cheung
Jason Sharples
Dennis Del Favero
Carlos Tirado Cortes
author_sort Kevin K. W. Cheung
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The Bridger Foothills (Montana, USA) wildfire event was notable due to its rapid escalation in fire activity, unique fire spread with respect to terrain and ambient wind direction, and endangerment to firefighters. To better understand the fire behaviour of this event, the WRF-SFIRE coupled atmosphere-fire model was used to conduct idealized and real-world simulations incorporating large eddy simulation. The model successfully simulated the lateral fire spread across the leeward slope, due to interaction between pyroconvection and eddy circulation over the slope. Both mechanisms of advection by terrain-modified local circulation and vorticity dynamics on the lee slope are found important to explain the event’s behavior. There are model discrepancies, which may be due to embers and spot fires not simulated in the model. The study demonstrated the critical role of high-resolution coupled modeling in supporting wildfire emergency responses and enhancing firefighter safety.
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spelling doaj-art-18cdce55db6a4ba8965951f6d5c3a5b42025-08-20T03:04:15ZengNature Portfolionpj Natural Hazards2948-21002025-07-012111010.1038/s44304-025-00132-0Dynamic fire-atmosphere interaction in the 2020 Montana Bridger Foothills Wildfire as revealed by WRF-SFIRE simulationsKevin K. W. Cheung0Jason Sharples1Dennis Del Favero2Carlos Tirado Cortes3School of Emergency Management, Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologySchool of Science, University of New South Wales CanberraiCinema Research Centre, University of New South WalesiCinema Research Centre, University of New South WalesAbstract The Bridger Foothills (Montana, USA) wildfire event was notable due to its rapid escalation in fire activity, unique fire spread with respect to terrain and ambient wind direction, and endangerment to firefighters. To better understand the fire behaviour of this event, the WRF-SFIRE coupled atmosphere-fire model was used to conduct idealized and real-world simulations incorporating large eddy simulation. The model successfully simulated the lateral fire spread across the leeward slope, due to interaction between pyroconvection and eddy circulation over the slope. Both mechanisms of advection by terrain-modified local circulation and vorticity dynamics on the lee slope are found important to explain the event’s behavior. There are model discrepancies, which may be due to embers and spot fires not simulated in the model. The study demonstrated the critical role of high-resolution coupled modeling in supporting wildfire emergency responses and enhancing firefighter safety.https://doi.org/10.1038/s44304-025-00132-0
spellingShingle Kevin K. W. Cheung
Jason Sharples
Dennis Del Favero
Carlos Tirado Cortes
Dynamic fire-atmosphere interaction in the 2020 Montana Bridger Foothills Wildfire as revealed by WRF-SFIRE simulations
npj Natural Hazards
title Dynamic fire-atmosphere interaction in the 2020 Montana Bridger Foothills Wildfire as revealed by WRF-SFIRE simulations
title_full Dynamic fire-atmosphere interaction in the 2020 Montana Bridger Foothills Wildfire as revealed by WRF-SFIRE simulations
title_fullStr Dynamic fire-atmosphere interaction in the 2020 Montana Bridger Foothills Wildfire as revealed by WRF-SFIRE simulations
title_full_unstemmed Dynamic fire-atmosphere interaction in the 2020 Montana Bridger Foothills Wildfire as revealed by WRF-SFIRE simulations
title_short Dynamic fire-atmosphere interaction in the 2020 Montana Bridger Foothills Wildfire as revealed by WRF-SFIRE simulations
title_sort dynamic fire atmosphere interaction in the 2020 montana bridger foothills wildfire as revealed by wrf sfire simulations
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s44304-025-00132-0
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